Articles: carcinoma-immunology.
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The lancet oncology · Jan 2022
Common genetic variation in alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control genome-wide association study.
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a frequent consequence of alcohol-related liver disease, with variable incidence among heavy drinkers. We did a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify common genetic variants for alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma. ⋯ Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Bpifrance, INSERM, AFEF, CARPEM, Labex OncoImmunology, and Agence Nationale de la Recherche.
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The response rate and survival benefit of immunotherapy vary among patients, implying specific immune status of an individual could be associated with the effect of immunotherapy. However, in-depth studies of immune subtypes (ISs), immune landscape and tumour microenvironment of oesophageal cancer (ESCA) and their clinical implications are less reported. ⋯ In summary, we identified clinically relevant immunoclusters in both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of oesophagus, revealing the necessity of assessing the complexity and diversity of immune microenvironment for cancer immunotherapy.
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Growing evidence supports that the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in the development and progression of tumors. But immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not yet been fully explored. In the present investigation, the clinical value and prognostic significance of immune-related genes in HCC were investigated. ⋯ In addition, dendritic cells were found to be the most abundant in the microenvironment of HCC through Tumor Immune Estimation Resource algorithm and were significantly associated with the patients' prognosis. To robust the results, the immune-related genes were validated in an independent dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We arrived at a more comprehensive understanding of the microenvironment of HCC and extracted 7 immune-related genes that were significantly associated with the recurrence survival of HCC.
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Multicenter Study
PD-L1 immunohistochemistry in non-small-cell lung cancer: unraveling differences in staining concordance and interpretation.
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry (IHC) is accepted as a predictive biomarker for the selection of immune checkpoint inhibitors. We evaluated the staining quality and estimation of the tumor proportion score (TPS) in non-small-cell lung cancer during two external quality assessment (EQA) schemes by the European Society of Pathology. Participants received two tissue micro-arrays with three (2017) and four (2018) cases for PD-L1 IHC and a positive tonsil control, for staining by their routine protocol. ⋯ Additional research is needed on the concordance of less common protocols, and on reasons for lower LDT concordance. Laboratories should carefully validate all test methods and regularly verify their performance. EQA participation should focus on both staining concordance and interpretation of PD-L1 IHC.
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A predictive biomarker of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based treatments in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been clearly demonstrated. In this study, we focused on the infiltration and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment of HCC. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that PD-L1 was preferentially expressed on CD68+ macrophages in the tumor microenvironment of HCC, suggestive of its expression in TAMs rather than in T cells or tumor cells (P < 0.05). ⋯ Regarding nivolumab-treated patients, three of eight patients responded to the anti-PD-1 treatment. The percentage of Ki-67-positive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was higher in responders than non-responders after nivolumab. Overall, PD-L1 expression on TAMs may be targeted by immune-based HCC treatment, and ICI treatment results in the reinvigoration of exhausted CD8+ T cells in HCC.