Articles: carcinoma-immunology.
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been established as a new class of anticancer drugs for patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. Predictive biomarkers might help to select those patients who will derive the greatest benefit from these expensive drugs. This review summarizes the current status of predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. ⋯ PD-L1 expression on tumor and immune cells and tumor mutational load allow better selection of patients for treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors as single agents. The role of PD-L1 for the selection of patients for chemoimmuntherapy remains to be seen.
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J Egypt Natl Canc Inst · Dec 2018
Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression combined with CD8 tumor infiltrating lymphocytes density in non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Cancer immunotherapy targeting programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway has shown promising results in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. T cells play a major role in tumor-associated immune response. This study aimed to investigate PD-L1 expression alone and combined with CD8 tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) density in relation to clinicopathologic parameters and survival in NSCLC patients. ⋯ PD-L1+/CD8Low group was significantly related to advanced tumor stage compared to PD-L1+/CD8high and PD-L1-/CD8Low groups (pairwise p = 0.001 and 0.013 respectively). PD-L1-/CD8high group exhibited the best OS and PFS whereas PD-L1+/CD8low group had the poorest OS and PFS (p value = 0.032 and 0.001 respectively). Assessment of PD-L1 combined with CD8 TILs density, instead of PD-L1 alone, suggested important prognostic relevance in NSCLC patients.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Oct 2018
Comparative StudyImpaired Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Impact Lung Cancer Response to PD-1 Blockade.
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a higher prevalence of lung cancer. The chronic inflammation associated with COPD probably promotes the earliest stages of carcinogenesis. However, once tumors have progressed to malignancy, the impact of COPD on the tumor immune microenvironment remains poorly defined, and its effects on immune-checkpoint blockers' efficacy are still unknown. ⋯ COPD is associated with an increased sensitivity of CD8 tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes to immune escape mechanisms developed by tumors, thus suggesting a higher sensitivity to PD-1 blockade in patients with COPD.
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To perform a systematic review of the relevant literature about clinical trials on efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibition, whether it is used alone, in combination or with other targeted therapies in patients with advanced and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), two team members reviewed the abstracts and selected pertinent articles from the relevant databases. A narrative review of randomized controlled trials was performed and seven randomized controlled trials were identified in this systematic review. In treatment of RCC, nivolumab has superior efficacy and safety compared with second-line everolimus. Combination strategies, especially those combined with anti-VEGF agents presents better efficacy but worse outcomes in term of safety than monotherapy and conventional treatment and might guide treatment choice for patients with RCC.