Articles: carcinoma-immunology.
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Türk patoloji dergisi · Jan 2017
Prognostic Significance of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD8+ Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and p53 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Immunohistochemical Study.
Programmed cell death ligand-1 interacts with the immune receptors on the surface of CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-1, thereby blocking its anti-tumor activity. Therapeutics suppression of this interaction will show a promise in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer by restoring the functional anti-tumor T-cell activity. We aimed to evaluate the association between the immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1, stromal CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and p53 with the clinicopathological characteristics, response to chemotherapy, progression-free-survival, and overall survival. ⋯ PD-L1 overexpression is an unfavorable prognostic marker, while the high CD8 + TILs is a good prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancer. PD-L1 immunohistochemical assessment may be used for the selection of patients legible for treatment with anti-PD-L1 therapy.
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An acquired formation of inhibitors to coagulation factors is a rare type of coagulopathy. The development of inhibitors for multiple coagulation factors has never been reported. A 75-year-old Japanese female underwent interventional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. ⋯ The activities for coagulation factors showed significantly reduced activities (<10%) of factors V, IX, and XII. A cross-mixing test demonstrated an inhibitor pattern, and inhibitory antibodies against factors V, IX, and XII were detected. We discuss our patient's etiology and pathogenesis.
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NSCLC is a heterogeneous disorder consisting of distinct molecular subtypes which can be treated by using specific drugs targeted to distinct genetic lesions. It is well known that NSCLS incidence is higher in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients because they share a common risk factor (cigarette smoking) and it is believed that the typical inflammatory microenvironment observed in COPD may influence the molecular mechanisms responsible of carcinogenesis. ⋯ All these findings have shown for the first time that lung tumors found in COPD patients differ from those observed in patient without COPD due to the presence of a specific tumor microenvironment which is characterized by reduced CD4+ Treg cells. On this basis, the present work aims at discussing and analyzing the context-specific mechanisms of clonal selection and evolution mainly focusing on the epigenetic alterations and at pointing out the potential therapeutic implications.
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SCLC and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) are historically characterized by a disappointing lack of significant therapeutic breakthroughs for novel agents, and both malignancies represent true unmet medical needs. Given the promising results of anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4 and anti-programmed cell death-1/programmed death ligand-1 antibodies in the treatment of advanced NSCLCs, these immune checkpoint inhibitors are now also under investigation in SCLC and MPM, as well as in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). ⋯ Current immune checkpoint blockers targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein-4 and the programmed cell death-1/programmed death ligand-1 axis, administered alone or in combination and as multimodality treatment, are likely to be a valuable addition to the therapeutic array for managing SCLC and MPM; studies in TETs, which are currently in their infancy, are merited. Close attention to potential toxicities will be important to the success of such strategies in these settings.