Articles: carcinoma-immunology.
-
Int. J. Clin. Oncol. · May 2019
Multicenter StudyExternal validation of the systemic immune-inflammation index as a prognostic factor in metastatic renal cell carcinoma and its implementation within the international metastatic renal cell carcinoma database consortium model.
We conducted a study to validate the influence of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) on overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and to verify whether the implementation of the SII in place of neutrophil and platelet counts within the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Consortium (IMDC) model might increase its prognostic accuracy. ⋯ Using an external dataset, we showed that high SII was an independent factor for poor OS. The addition of the SII to the IMDC model in place of neutrophil and platelet counts increased the model's prognostic performance.
-
Concurrent programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-(L)1) plus osimertinib is associated with severe immune related adverse events (irAE) in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Now that PD-(L)1 inhibitors are routinely used as adjuvant and first-line treatments, sequential PD-(L)1 inhibition followed by osimertinib use may become more frequent and have unforeseen serious toxicity. ⋯ PD-(L)1 blockade followed by osimertinib is associated with severe irAE and is most frequent among patients who recently received PD-(L)1 blockade. No irAEs were observed when osimertinib preceded PD-(L)1 blockade or when PD-(L)1 was followed by other EGFR-TKIs. This association appears to be specific to osimertinib, as no severe irAEs occurred with administration of other EGFR-TKIs.
-
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) participate in tumor-elicited immunosuppression by dramatically blocking T-cell-induced antitumor responses, thereby influencing the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies. Treatments that alter the differentiation and function of MDSCs can partially restore antitumor immune responses. The long noncoding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (lncRNA Pvt1) is a potential oncogene in a variety of cancer types. However, whether lncRNA Pvt1 is involved in the regulation of MDSCs has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. ⋯ Taken together, our results demonstrate a critical role for lncRNA Pvt1 in regulating the immunosuppression activity of G-MDSCs, and lncRNA Pvt1 might thus be a potential antitumor immunotherapy target.
-
To determine whether tumor microenvironments affect the clinical response to anti-PD-1 therapy in non-small cell lung cancer, we investigated the expression level of PD-L1 and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and elucidate their predictive role. Thirty-eight pretreatment and two post-treatment specimens from 36 advanced, treatment-refractory non-small cell lung cancer patients who underwent PD-1 blockade therapy were analyzed. PD-L1 expression by tumor cells and the distribution of CD3, CD8, CD4, FOXP3 and PD-1 positive tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were immunohistochemically assessed and counted using digital image analyzer. ⋯ Using receiver operating characteristic curves, levels of CD3+ T cells and FOXP3+/CD8+ T cell ratio that provide the best distinguishing point between responder versus non-responder to PD-1 blockade were 617.5/mm2 and 25%, respectively (p = 0.007 and p = 0.003). Considering that 1 mm2 is about 5 high power fields (HPF), a good response to the PD-1 blockade can be expected when the number of CD3 T cells is observed to be 120 per HPF and when CD8+ T cells and FOXP3+ T cells are present at a ratio greater than 4:1. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes might become a promising biomarker as an independent predictive factor of response to PD-1 blockade that may also guide therapeutic decisions.
-
Yttrium-90 (Y90)-radioembolisation (RE) significantly regresses locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and delays disease progression. The current study is designed to deeply interrogate the immunological impact of Y90-RE, which elicits a sustained therapeutic response. ⋯ High-dimensional analysis of tumour and systemic immune landscapes identified local and systemic immune activation that corresponded to the sustained response to Y90-RE. Potential biomarkers associated with a positive clinical response were identified and a prediction model was built to identify sustained responders prior to treatment.