Articles: postoperative-pain.
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Prevention of post-tonsillectomy pain with analgesic doses of ketamine.
The prevention of postoperative pain in children who had undergone tonsillectomy was investigated in a double-blind trial. Ketamine (Ketalar; Parke-Davis) 0.5 mg/kg was given intravenously before the operation to 20 children and saline to a control group of 20 children. Premedication consisted of oral trimeprazine 4 mg/kg given 2 hours pre-operatively. ⋯ Postoperatively there were significant differences in the measurement of pain but not in that of sedation. No hallucinations were encountered in those receiving ketamine. It is concluded that analgesic doses of ketamine are safe and effective.
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Dec 1987
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe additive analgesic efficacy of acetaminophen, 1000 mg, and codeine, 60 mg, in dental pain.
In a double-blind, randomized, single-dose trial the analgesic contribution of acetaminophen, 1000 mg, and codeine, 60 mg, was determined. The study was a 2 X 2 factorial experiment in which 120 patients suffering from pain as a result of oral surgery rated their pain intensity and pain relief for up to 5 hours after a single dose of one of: 1000 mg acetaminophen, 60 mg codeine, 1000 mg acetaminophen plus 60 mg codeine, or placebo. The factorial analysis showed that both 1000 mg acetaminophen and 60 mg codeine made a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) contribution to the analgesic effectiveness of the combination on all measures of efficacy (sum of pain intensity differences, largest pain intensity difference, total pain relief, largest pain relief, and time to remedication). The incidence of adverse effects did not appear to differ among the treatments, including placebo.
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Patient-controlled analgesia for pain management following orthopaedic surgery was evaluated subjectively by 22 patients and 11 nurses. Half of the patients received morphine and half received meperidine. ⋯ All patients reported a high satisfaction with patient-controlled analgesia and all nurses ranked the technique as good to excellent. Eight-six percent of patients who had previously used another type of pain management ranked patient-controlled analgesia superior.
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Two hundred and eleven children aged 1-5 years were studied after undergoing herniorrhaphy or orchiopexy. In 111 cases a caudal block was used for postoperative analgesia. This was administered immediately after induction of anaesthesia, using bupivacaine 0.25% plain (0.7 ml/kg lean body mass), and was successful in 100 patients. ⋯ The other 100 children acted as controls. Behaviour patterns were more restful in the caudal block group on awakening and less opiate was required during the first 5 postoperative hours. No complications resulted.