Articles: neuropathic-pain.
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Neuroscience letters · Mar 2016
Microglial polarization dynamics in dorsal spinal cord in the early stages following chronic sciatic nerve damage.
Peripheral nerve injury can lead to activation of spinal microglia, which can mediate neuroinflammation and contribute to neuropathic pain following nerve injury. Activated microglia may manifest with either pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, which may lead to detrimental or beneficial roles in the nervous system. In this study, microglia numbers, morphology and gene profiles were examined in the dorsal spinal cord of rats over 14 days following sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI). ⋯ Neuropathic pain developed within seven to 14 days following injury and microglia numbers were increased, with almost all in the dorsal spinal cord morphologically defined as activated. At day one after CCI, both M1 and M2 microglia-related genes were increased but only M1 microglia-related genes remained elevated at day seven and 14 thereafter. These results indicate that both M1 and M2 microglia were activated in the dorsal spinal cord one day after CCI but the microglia skewed towards M1 phenotype during the following seven and 14 days.
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Entrapment of middle cluneal nerves induces low back pain and leg symptoms. The middle cluneal nerves can become spontaneously entrapped where this nerve pass under the long posterior sacroiliac ligament. ⋯ Spinal surgeons should be aware of this clinical entity and avoid unnecessary spinal surgeries and sacroiliac fusion. This paper is to draw attention by pain clinicians in this unrecognized etiology.
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J Korean Neurosurg S · Mar 2016
The Effect of GCSB-5 a New Herbal Medicine on Changes in Pain Behavior and Neuroglial Activation in a Rat Model of Lumbar Disc Herniation.
Lumbar disc herniation can induce sciatica by mechanical compression and/or chemical irritation. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of GCSB-5 (Shinbaro®) and NSAIDs on pain-related behavior and on the expressions of microglia, astrocytes, CGRP, TRPV1, IL-6, and CX3CL1 in a rat model of lumbar disc herniation. ⋯ These results indicate GCSB-5 reduces mechanical allodynia and downregulates neuroglial activity and the expressions of CGRP and TRPV1 in the spinal segments of a rat model of lumbar disc herniation.