Articles: vagus-nerve-physiopathology.
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J Trauma Acute Care Surg · Mar 2014
Vagal nerve stimulation modulates the dendritic cell profile in posthemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph.
Previous studies have established that posthemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PHSML) contains proinflammatory mediators, while the cellular basis of PHSML is less well characterized in acute models of injury. CD103 dendritic cells (DCs) have been identified in the mesenteric lymph (ML) in models of chronic intestinal inflammation, suggesting an important role in the gut response to injury. We have previously demonstrated the ability of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) to prevent gut barrier failure after trauma/hemorrhagic shock (T/HS); however, the ability of VNS to alter ML DCs is unknown. We hypothesized that the CD103 MHC-II DC population would change in PHSML and that VNS would prevent injury-induced changes in this population in PHSML. ⋯ These findings suggest that VNS mediates the inflammatory responses in ML DCs and MLN T reg cells by affecting the set point of T/HS responsiveness.
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An athletic 21-year-old male was admitted to the surgical ICU after sustaining 2 stab wounds to his torso. He had an episode of left lung collapse early in his course, managed with suctioning and increased PEEP, to 15 cm H2O. ⋯ After premedication with glycopyrrolate, he was successfully extubated the following day, while his heart rate remained at his baseline of 50 beats/min. We review the physiologic mechanisms of bradycardia due to the removal of mechanical ventilation.
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Cancer epidemiology · Oct 2013
Norms of vagal nerve activity, indexed by Heart Rate Variability, in cancer patients.
Recent research has begun to show the role of the activity of the vagus nerve in cancer prognosis. However, it remains unknown whether cancer severity can impair vagal nerve activity. This study combined data (N=657) of five different cancers (colorectal, pancreas, prostate, lung and ovarian) concerning patients' Heart Rate Variability (HRV), a vagal nerve activity index. ⋯ While age and gender did not significantly affect HRV, cancer patients with advanced stages had significantly lower HRV than those with early stages (p=0.011). A possible bi-directional relation between cancer and vagal nerve activity is discussed. These findings are of importance for prognostication since they provide researchers and clinicians with expected values of vagal nerve activity in cancer patients.
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World J. Gastroenterol. · Sep 2013
Electroacupuncture improves gut barrier dysfunction in prolonged hemorrhagic shock rats through vagus anti-inflammatory mechanism.
To investigate whether electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) prevents intestinal barrier and remote organ dysfunction following prolonged hemorrhagic shock through a vagus anti-inflammatory mechanism. ⋯ EA at ST36 attenuates the systemic inflammatory response, protects intestinal barrier integrity, improves organ function and survival rate after hemorrhagic shock via activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory mechanism.
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Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. · Sep 2013
Lipid-rich enteral nutrition regulates mucosal mast cell activation via the vagal anti-inflammatory reflex.
Nutritional stimulation of the cholecystokinin-1 receptor (CCK-1R) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated vagal reflex was shown to reduce inflammation and preserve intestinal integrity. Mast cells are important early effectors of the innate immune response; therefore modulation of mucosal mast cells is a potential therapeutic target to control the acute inflammatory response in the intestine. The present study investigates intestinal mast cell responsiveness upon nutritional activation of the vagal anti-inflammatory reflex during acute inflammation. ⋯ Accordingly, release of β-hexosaminidase by MC/9 mast cells following LPS or IgE-ovalbumin complexes was dose dependently inhibited by acetylcholine and nicotine. Application of GSK1345038A, a specific agonist of the nAChR α7, in bone marrow-derived mast cells from nAChR β2-/- and wild types indicated that cholinergic inhibition of mast cells is mediated by the nAChR α7 and is independent of the nAChR β2. Together, the present study reveals mucosal mast cells as a previously unknown target of the nutritional anti-inflammatory vagal reflex.