Articles: general-anesthesia.
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Complications related to wrong or improper perioperative positioning are preventable events. Nevertheless patients may suffer from these complications much more than from the original pathology. In a short review a focus is set on the prone and supine position. Finally remarks for prevention are added.
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New justification for the use of regional anaesthesia, either alone or in combination with general anaesthesia, has been provided with reports of some unexpected influences on outcome. A reduction in the incidence of postoperative thrombotic episodes and vascular graft occlusion is strongly suggested in patients with generalized vascular disease. Application of a variety of drugs, including local anaesthetics, opioids and adrenergic agonists, in the region of the spinal cord reduces afferent input during surgery and also the metabolic stress response. ⋯ Premedication with opioid and other analgesics may also enhance this pre-emptive effect. New general anaesthetic and analgesic drugs are available that are more suited to these combined techniques. They have shorter duration of action so that plasma concentration can be rapidly adjusted to match a variable surgical stimulus.
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Cahiers d'anesthésiologie · Jan 1995
[Capnography in pediatric anesthesia: pitfalls and applications].
Expired CO2 analysis is an important area of anaesthetic monitoring. It ranges from ventilator connection to the estimation of alveolar dead space. ⋯ Confrontation between the technical specificities of CO2 monitors and the anatomical and physiological distinctive characteristics of the paediatric patient is mainly responsible for the interpretation difficulties encountered. Nevertheless capnography remains fundamental for paediatric ventilation monitoring.
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Ann Fr Anesth Reanim · Jan 1995
Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial[Cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 during general anesthesia maintained with either isoflurane-N2O or propofol-N2O. A comparative study by transcranial Doppler velocimetry].
To compare, using transcranial doppler velocimetry (TDV), the cerebral blood flow velocity and CO2 reactivity during general anaesthesia maintained with either isoflurane-N2O-O2(IF) or propofol-N2O-O2 (PF) in adults with a normal brain. ⋯ During anaesthesia maintained with either isoflurane-N2O-O2 or propofol-N2O-O2, a change in PetCO2 results in similar changes in VS and VD. These anaesthetic agents preserve the cerebrovascular reactivity of the normal brain. The results of this study are in accordance with those obtained with other reference techniques in healthy volunteers. Transcranial doppler velocimetry can be a useful noninvasive tool of clinical research in neuroanaesthesia.
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Comparative Study
Brief wakeful response to command indicates wakefulness with suppression of memory formation during surgical anesthesia.
In a previous study of patients emerging from anesthesia following surgery, we found that a brief wakeful response to command of an eye opening or single hand squeeze or count was not associated with memory formation, while the response of four hand squeezes or counts was associated with memory. We wanted to determine the anesthetic requirements for obtaining this brief wakeful response endpoint during surgery and to determine if memory occurred at this endpoint during surgical anesthesia. ⋯ A brief wakeful response to a command of opening the eyes or squeezing the hand was not associated with increased memory formation during surgery. A brief wakeful response to command was found during surgery when patients received fentanyl 4 micrograms/kg; but it was rarely found at fentanyl dosages of 2 micrograms/kg or less.