Articles: male.
-
J. Korean Med. Sci. · Jun 2017
Breastfeeding and Red Meat Intake Are Associated with Iron Status in Healthy Korean Weaning-age Infants.
The present study investigated risk factors for iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during late infancy, including feeding type and complementary feeding (CF) practice. Healthy term Korean infants (8-15 months) were weighed, and questionnaires regarding delivery, feeding, and weaning were completed by their caregivers. We also examined levels of hemoglobin, serum iron/total iron-binding capacity, serum ferritin, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). ⋯ In addition to the risk factors for ID, Cesarean section delivery (aOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.2) and low parental CF-related knowledge (aOR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.5-5.2) were risk factors for IDA. In conclusion, prolonged breastfeeding and perceived inadequacy of red meat intake may be among the important feeding-related risk factors of ID and IDA. Therefore, more meticulous education and monitoring of iron-rich food intake, such as red meat, with iron supplementation or iron status testing during late infancy if necessary, should be considered for breastfed Korean infants, especially for those with additional risk factors for ID or IDA.
-
Although little importance is attached to hiccups, they may be associated with several diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of gender differences on types of hiccups and the relation with diseases involved in the etiology. ⋯ Protracted hiccups are more common in males. This gender variation applies particularly to hiccups of GIS origin.
-
The concept of the study was to compare the morphometry of the suprascapular notch (SSN) in females and males because its size and shape may be a factor in suprascapular nerve entrapment. ⋯ The presented classification of the suprascapular notch is simple, easy to use, and based on specific geometric parameters which allow one to clearly distinguish five types of these structures. All dimensions of SSN were significantly higher in males than in females.
-
The Journal of urology · Jan 2014
Difference between urethral circumference and artificial urinary sphincter cuff size, and its effect on postoperative incontinence.
We assessed whether a difference between intraoperative urethral circumference and artificial urinary sphincter cuff size affects postoperative outcomes. ⋯ At 4.5-month followup there was no statistical difference in pad use or patient satisfaction when the difference between urethral circumference and artificial urinary sphincter cuff size was less than 4 mm vs 4 mm or greater. However, at long-term followup the 4 mm or greater group reported statistically significantly better continence and satisfaction than the less than 4 mm group. This study does not support efforts to improve continence by minimizing cuff size but rather suggests that modestly up-sizing the cuff may produce improved long-term outcomes.
-
Comparative Study
Child obesity cut-offs as derived from parental perceptions: cross-sectional questionnaire.
Overweight children are at an increased risk of premature mortality and disease in adulthood. Parental perceptions and clinical definitions of child obesity differ, which may lessen the effectiveness of interventions to address obesity in the home setting. The extent to which parental and objective weight status cut-offs diverge has not been documented. ⋯ Clinical and parental classifications of obesity are divergent at extremes of the weight spectrum.