Articles: interviews.
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Structured diagnostic interviews, which evolved along the development of classification's systems, are now widely used in adult psychiatry, in the fields of clinical trials, epidemiological studies, academic research as well as, more recently, clinical practice. These instruments improved the reliability of the data collection and interrater reliability allowing greater homogenisation of the subjects taking part in clinical research, essential factor to ensure the reproducibility of the results. The diagnostic instruments, conversely to the clinical traditional diagnostic processes allow a systematic and exhaustive exploration of disorders, diagnostic criteria but also severity levels, and duration. ⋯ In particular, the following points should be considered: drastic reduction of the length of the interviews; simplification in the use of these instruments, during the interviews, but also in the treatment of the data collected during the final phase of diagnosis generation, the clinician having to carry out ceaseless returns to check the presence or not of each diagnostic criterion; reduction of the duration of the highly necessary training, which can be easily solved by the global simplification of the instruments; quantitative and qualitative improvements of psychometric properties, in particular in terms of sensitivity, specificity and face-to-face validity. Finally, it is highly necessary to continue to develop structured diagnostic interviews adapted to the assessment of child and adolescent psychiatric diagnoses keeping in mind simplicity, feasibility and reliability. Developing this kind of instruments is hard, expensive, and sometimes tiresome but it remains the inescapable stage to produce high quality data in the future.
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Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry · Jul 2003
ReviewBrief motivational interviewing interventions targeting substance abuse in the acute care medical setting.
Nearly half of injured trauma survivors suffer from substance use disorders, particularly alcohol and stimulants. Substance abuse screenings and brief interventions are essential components of collaborative care for trauma patients. If provided by trauma centers, brief interventions can reduce drinking and injury recidivism for up to 1 year after hospital discharge. ⋯ Next, a literature review is presented regarding the outcomes of brief interventions for substance abuse, both in general medical settings and in trauma centers. Finally, a description is provided of a level 1 trauma center's screening and brief intervention service that uses motivational interviewing, has developed over a decade, and has been evaluated in a randomized trial. The inpatient and outpatient intervention protocols for this service are detailed, as well as the specific clinical challenges encountered.
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The focus group interview is an increasingly common qualitative research method used by health professionals. General approaches to conducting focus groups have been published. There has, however, been minimal exploration of issues regarding the use of focus groups with palliative care populations and data analysis procedures have been underreported. ⋯ A succinct outline of why, when and how to use focus groups is offered. Key ethical and practical issues are explored as well as considerations for data analysis. This guide offers researchers and clinicians fundamental strategies for the use of focus groups within the palliative care context.
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Although hermeneutical interpretive phenomenological methodology has been used in many nursing research studies, reports of findings are generally not specific regarding the analysis, or "interpretive process," of this methodology. ⋯ Approaching the interpretive process as systematically as possible within a nonlinear methodology streamlines and clarifies interpretations of the interview data.