Articles: hyperalgesia.
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Hypoglycemia is a physiological stress that leads to the release of stress hormones, such as catecholamines and glucocorticoids, and proinflammatory cytokines. These factors, in euglycemic animal models, are associated with stress-induced hyperalgesia. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether experimental hypoglycemia in humans would lead to a hyperalgesic state. ⋯ In contrast to prior euglycemia exposure, prior hypoglycemia exposure resulted in enhanced pain sensitivity to hot and cold stimuli as well as enhanced temporal summation to repeated heat-pain stimuli. These findings suggest that prior exposure to hypoglycemia causes a state of enhanced pain sensitivity that is consistent with stress-induced hyperalgesia. This human model may provide a framework for hypothesis testing and targeted, mechanism-based pharmacological interventions to delineate the molecular basis of hyperalgesia and pain susceptibility.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Experimental pelvic pain facilitates pain provocation tests and causes regional hyperalgesia.
The extra-articular sacroiliac joint (SIJ) structure is a potential source for low back and pelvic pain. This study hypothesised that experimental pain induced in a superficial pelvic ligament causes (1) hyperalgesia to pressure, (2) distinct pain referral, and (3) an increased frequency of positive pain provocation tests of the SIJ complex. Thirty healthy subjects (15 females) participated in this study designed as a randomised crossover trial. ⋯ PPTs at the injection site and lateral to S2 were significantly reduced after hypertonic saline compared with baseline and isotonic saline (P<0.002). Significantly more subjects had positive pain provocation tests after hypertonic (67% of subjects) compared with isotonic saline (20%; P<0.001). These data demonstrate that the extra-articular SIJ structure accommodates nociceptors that are capable of inducing pain referral and regional hyperalgesia sensitive to manual pain provocation tests similar to what previously have been found in pelvic girdle pain patients.
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Comparative Study
Mechanical allodynia but not thermal hyperalgesia is impaired in mice deficient for ERK2 in the central nervous system.
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) plays critical roles in pain plasticity. However, the specific contribution of ERK2 isoforms to pain plasticity is not necessarily elucidated. Here we investigate the function of ERK2 in mouse pain models. ⋯ In Erk2 CKO mice, compensatory hyperphosphorylation of ERK1 was detected in the spinal cord. However, ERK1 did not appear to influence nociceptive processing because the additional inhibition of ERK1 phosphorylation using MEK (MAPK/ERK kinase) inhibitor SL327 did not produce additional changes in formalin-induced spontaneous behaviors in Erk2 CKO mice. Together, these results indicate that ERK2 plays a predominant and/or specific role in pain plasticity, while the contribution of ERK1 is limited.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effectiveness of water physical therapy on pain, pressure pain sensitivity, and myofascial trigger points in breast cancer survivors: a randomized, controlled clinical trial.
To evaluate the effects of an 8-week water physical therapy program on cervical and shoulder pain, pressure sensitivity, and the presence of trigger points (TrPs) in breast cancer survivors. ⋯ An 8-week water therapy program was effective for improving neck and shoulder/axillary pain, and reducing the presence of TrPs in breast cancer survivors as compared with usual care; however, no significant changes in widespread pressure pain hyperalgesia were found.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2012
Ginkgo biloba extract attenuates hyperalgesia in a rat model of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a common, dose-limiting side effect of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. Hyperalgesia is a common component of neuropathic pain. Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is an oriental herbal medicine that has various pharmacological actions. In this study, we evaluated the effects of oral GBE on hyperalgesia in a rat model of vincristine-induced neuropathy. ⋯ This study demonstrates that oral administration of GBE is associated with a dose-dependent antihyperalgesic effect on mechanical and cold stimuli in a rat model of vincristine-induced neuropathy.