Articles: hyperalgesia.
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Activation of the neuronal-glial network in the spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) mediates various chronic painful conditions. We studied spinal neuronal-astrocyte signaling interactions involved in the maintenance of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) in type 2 diabetes. We used the db/db mouse, an animal model for PDN of type 2 diabetes, which develops mechanical allodynia from 6 to 12 wk of age. ⋯ MK801 also reduced astrocytosis and glial acidic fibrillary protein upregulation in db/db mice. In addition, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nonspecific NOS inhibitor, had similar effects on NMDAR signaling and NOS expression. These results suggest that nitric oxide from surrounding interneurons and astrocytes interacts with NMDAR-dependent signaling in the projection neurons of the SCDH during the maintenance of PDN.
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To test whether mechanical hyperalgesia is associated with multiple idiopathic pain disorders (IPDs) and whether this relationship is independent of the confounding effects of psychosocial factors. ⋯ The dose-response relationship between TPs and IPDs needs further investigation to determine the temporal nature of these relationships and to disentangle the complex gene-environment relationships that may influence the occurrence of multiple IPDs.
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Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) procedure has been used in clinical practice for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain conditions without neuronal damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in pain response and glial expression after the application of PRF on a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in a neuropathic pain model. ⋯ Our result demonstrated that the mechanical hypersensitivity, induced by L5 SNL, was attenuated by a PRF procedure on the ipsilateral DRG. This analgesic effect may be associated with an attenuation of the microglial activation in the dorsal horn.
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J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. · Sep 2012
Artemin causes hypersensitivity to warm sensation, mimicking warmth-provoked pruritus in atopic dermatitis.
Itch impairs the quality of life for many patients with dermatoses, especially atopic dermatitis (AD), and is frequently induced by a warm environment. ⋯ These data suggest that dermal fibroblasts secrete artemin in response to substance P, leading to abnormal peripheral innvervation and thermal hyperalgesia. We hypothesize that artemin lowers the threshold of temperature-dependent itch sensation and might therefore be a novel therapeutic target for treating pruritic skin disorders, including AD.
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Agonists selective for the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor produce anti-hyperalgesic effects in rodent models of inflammatory pain, via direct actions on spinal pain circuits and possibly via attenuated release of peripheral pro-inflammatory mediators. Increasingly, allosteric modulation of ligand-gated receptors is recognized as a potential strategy to obtain desired efficacy in the absence of the putative adverse effects associated with agonist activation. ⋯ α7 nACh receptor PAMs could prove to be useful in the treatment of inflammatory pain conditions, which respond poorly to NSAIDs or in situations where NSAIDs are contra-indicated.