Articles: adolescent.
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The purpose of this work was to review the current literature on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of pediatric obesity and migraine, underlying pathogenic mechanisms that may explain the association between the two disorders, and the effects of treatment. ⋯ In children and adolescents, the bulk of the available data support an association between obesity and headache disorders in general, though a small number of studies contradict these findings. Relative to the adult population, however, few studies have focused specifically on migraine, and no wide-ranging meta-analyses have been conducted to date. It seems that the pathophysiology of obesity and migraine in adults holds true for the pediatric population as well. The association between obesity and migraine in the pediatric population is likely to be multifactorial and to involve both central and peripheral mechanisms. More attention is currently being addressed to the role of the hypothalamus and the bioactive neurotransmitters and neuropeptides that modulate energy homeostasis, namely serotonin, orexin, and the adiponectins, in migraine. A few innovative studies have demonstrated some benefit for migraine from weight reduction treatments such as exercise and lifestyle management. Many open questions remain regarding the modifiable nature of the obesity-migraine relationship and its implications in clinical practice. Further studies of these issues are needed.
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The school is an essential context for children's social interaction with peers and to develop academic skills. Therefore, a fast reintegration can help children with burns to normalize their life. Thus, school reintegration is an important outcome after burns. The aim of this review was to systematically synthesize the literature addressing school reintegration programs of pediatric burns survivors. ⋯ The review emphasizes the necessity of an integrated school reintegration program empowering both the child, the parents and the teachers and tailored to the child's specific situation. Furthermore, it offers recommendations for further improvement of the field.
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Preventive medicine · May 2018
Meta AnalysisBehavioural incentive interventions for health behaviour change in young people (5-18 years old): A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Physical inactivity, an unhealthy diet, smoking, and alcohol consumption are key determinants of morbidity and mortality. These health behaviours often begin at a young age and track into adulthood, emphasising a need for interventions in children and young people. Previous research has demonstrated the potential effectiveness of behavioural incentive (BI) interventions in adults. ⋯ Findings suggest that behavioural incentives may encourage uptake and initiation of healthy eating and physical activity in young people. However, this is a limited evidence base and a wide range of incentive designs have yet to be explored. Future research should further investigate the acceptability of these intervention approaches for young people.
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Heart failure (HF) in pediatric populations is a major public health concern. It is associated with high rates of hospital admissions, disability, and mortality in high-income countries (HIC), but its burden is poorly documented in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We present a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize available data on the prevalence, incidence, etiologies, treatment, and outcomes including hospital admission and mortality and economic burden of HF in neonates, infants, children, and adolescents in LMICs. ⋯ PROSPERO CRD42017070189.
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Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am · Apr 2018
ReviewInattention to Problematic Media Use Habits: Interaction Between Digital Media Use and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
As digital media (DM) access among youths continues to surge, caregivers and clinicians are concerned about problems associated with its excessive use. Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have an increased risk of experiencing negative effects on sleep, academic achievement, attention, and cognitive skills. ADHD symptom severity and circumstances of DM access are among the factors that mediate these negative effects. Key interventions for parents and clinicians to assist youths with problematic DM habits and opportunities for advocacy groups and the DM industry for public health interventions are discussed.