Articles: acute-pain.
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J Manipulative Physiol Ther · Feb 2013
An investigation into the onset, pattern, and effects of pain relief on lumbar extensor electromyography in people with acute and chronic low back pain.
The aim of this study was to use an experimental pain relief model to determine the effect of pain relief on lumbar muscle function in people with low back pain. ⋯ This study showed that the EMG activities from the lumbar region, including lumbar multifidus and iliocostalis, are reliable, and specific EMG profiles are identifiable. Pain relief as achieved in this study did not affect the pattern of EMG activity, onset of muscle activation, or peak activation values.
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Behavioural pharmacology · Feb 2013
The antinociceptive properties of the novel compound (±)-trans-4-hydroxy-6-propyl-1-oxocyclohexan-2-one in acute pain in mice.
The compound (±)-trans-4-hydroxy-6-propyl-1-oxocyclohexan-2-one [(±)-δ-lactone] was isolated from the plant Vitex cymosa Bertero, and determined to be the active principle. The present study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of (±)-δ-lactone and to elucidate its mechanism of action. Mice were subjected to in-vivo models of acute pain (acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin and hot-plate tests) and the open-field test. (±)-δ-Lactone, administered orally (6-900 µmol/kg), exerted a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin and hot-plate tests. (±)-δ-Lactone administered by the intrathecal (i.t.) and subplantar (s.p.) routes (10-600 nmol) exerted concentration-dependent antinociceptive effects in the formalin test, showing its spinal and peripheral activity, respectively. ⋯ The previous i.p. application of L-NAME enhanced the antinociceptive effect of the i.t. administration of (±)-δ-lactone in the formalin and hot-plate tests. The previous i.p. application of L-NAME and L-arginine increased and decreased, respectively, the activity of (±)-δ-lactone administered by s.p. administration. These results indicate that (±)-δ-lactone has significant spinal and peripheral antinociceptive activity, and that its effects are at least partially mediated by a reduced nitric oxide production/release, most likely through mechanisms involving the cholinergic system.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety of a single 2-mg intravenous dose of hydromorphone versus usual care in the management of acute pain.
The objective was to test the efficacy and safety of 2 mg of intravenous (IV) hydromorphone (Dilaudid) against "usual care" in emergency department (ED) patients with acute severe pain. ⋯ Using a simple dichotomous patient-centered endpoint in which a difference of 10% in proportion obtaining adequate analgesia was considered clinically significant, 2 mg of hydromorphone in a single IV dose is clinically and statistically more efficacious when compared to usual care for acute pain management in the ED.
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Clin. Geriatr. Med. · Feb 2013
ReviewAcute pain management in older adults in the emergency department.
Effective treatment of acute pain in older patients is a common challenge faced by emergency providers. Because older adults are at increased risk for adverse events associated with systemic analgesics, pain treatment must proceed cautiously. Essential elements to quality acute pain care include an early initial assessment for the presence of pain, selection of an analgesic based on patient-specific risks and preferences, and frequent reassessments and retreatments as needed. This article describes current knowledge regarding the assessment and treatment of acute pain in older adults.
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Validate the outcomes from the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) for the Acute Pain nursing diagnosis. ⋯ Validation studies of nursing classifications corroborate the use of the component elements of these instruments in a variety of care settings.