Articles: coronavirus.
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Observational Study
Impact of COVID-19 on the surgical volume of general surgery residents as main surgeons in a National Training Program in Costa Rica: A cross-sectional study.
To quantify the impact of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) on the surgical volume of residents' medical practice in Costa Rica's General Surgery Residency Program. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant disruption in people's lives. Health systems worldwide have been forced to adapt to the new normal, which has posed a challenge for medical residency programs, especially in the surgical field. ⋯ No statistically significant differences were observed in the remaining the Units. The COVID-19 pandemic had no statistically significant effect on surgeries performed by residents of the General Surgery Residency Program as main surgeons in a national training center in Costa Rica. The Department's timely measures and pro-resident attitude were the key reasons for the above results.
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The current global health crisis due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has prompted the medical community to investigate the effects of underlying medical conditions, including sleep-disordered breathing, on inpatient care. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common form of sleep-disordered breathing that may complicate numerous acquired conditions, particularly in inpatient and critical care settings. ⋯ Additionally, it will highlight pertinent evidence for the complications of OSA in an organ-systems approach. Finally, this review will also discuss impatient treatment approaches for OSA, particularly in relation to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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Expert Opin Drug Discov · Aug 2021
An overview of the preclinical discovery and development of remdesivir for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Remdesivir (RDV) is an inhibitor of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases that are active in some RNA viruses, including the Ebola virus and zoonotic coronaviruses. When severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the etiologic agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), several investigations have assessed the potential activity of RDV in inhibiting viral replication, giving rise to hope for an effective treatment. ⋯ RDV is the most widely investigated antiviral drug for the treatment of COVID-19. This attention on RDV activity against SARS-CoV-2 is justified by promising in vitro studies, which demonstrated that RDV was able to suppress viral replication without significant toxicity. Such activity was confirmed by an investigation in an animal model and by the results of preliminary clinical investigations. Nevertheless, the efficacy of RDV in reducing mortality has not been clearly demonstrated.
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Pandemics threaten lives and economies. This article addresses the global threat of the anticipated overlap of COVID-19 with seasonal-influenza. ⋯ Results support two affordable preventive measures: (i) to globally increase influenza-vaccination rates, (ii) to limit the number of personal contacts during outbreaks. The authors endorse changing practices and research incentives towards multidisciplinary collaborations. The urgency of the situation is a call for international health policy to promote interdisciplinary modern technologies in public health engineering.
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Observational Study
Sex steroid hormones are associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients: Level of sex hormones in severe COVID-19.
In patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), men are more severely affected than women. Multiple studies suggest that androgens might play a role in this difference in disease severity. Our objective was to assess the association between sex hormone levels and mortality in patients with severe COVID-19. ⋯ No difference in estradiol levels was found between deceased and surviving patients. Low SHBG levels were associated with mortality rate in patients with COVID-19, and low total and free testosterone levels were associated with mortality in men. The role of testosterone and SHBG and potential of hormone replacement therapy needs further exploration in COVID-19.