Articles: sepsis.
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J. Vet. Intern. Med. · Mar 2013
Multicenter StudyRenin-Angiotensin-aldosterone system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in hospitalized newborn foals.
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) and their interactions during illness and hypoperfusion are important to maintain organ function. HPAA dysfunction and relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI) are common in septic foals. Information is lacking on the RAAS and mineralocorticoid response in the context of RAI in newborn sick foals. ⋯ RAAS activation in critically ill foals is characterized by increased ANG-II and aldosterone concentrations. Inappropriately low cortisol and aldosterone concentrations defined as high ACTH/cortisol and ACTH/aldosterone ratios in septic foals suggest that RAI is not restricted to the zona fasciculata in critically ill newborn foals.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Cytokines and signaling molecules predict clinical outcomes in sepsis.
Inflammatory response during sepsis is incompletely understood due to small sample sizes and variable timing of measurements following the onset of symptoms. The vasopressin in septic shock trial (VASST) compared the addition of vasopressin to norepinephrine alone in patients with septic shock. During this study plasma was collected and 39 cytokines measured in a 363 patients at both baseline (before treatment) and 24 hours. Clinical features relating to both underlying health and the acute organ dysfunction induced by the severe infection were collected during the first 28 days of admission. ⋯ A distinct pattern of cytokine levels measured early in the course of sepsis predicts disease outcome. Subpopulations of patients have differing clinical outcomes that can be predicted accurately from small numbers of cytokines. Design of clinical trials and interventions may benefit from consideration of cytokine levels.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
The innate immune response in HIV/AIDS septic shock patients: a comparative study.
In recent years, the incidence of sepsis has increased in critically ill HIV/AIDS patients, and the presence of severe sepsis emerged as a major determinant of outcomes in this population. The inflammatory response and deregulated cytokine production play key roles in the pathophysiology of sepsis; however, these mechanisms have not been fully characterized in HIV/AIDS septic patients. ⋯ IL-6, IL-10 and G-CSF are biomarkers that can be used to predict prognosis and outcomes in HIV/AIDS septic patients. Although HIV/AIDS patients are immunocompromised, an innate immune response can be activated in these patients, which is similar to that in the non-HIV septic population. In addition, age and the IL-6 levels are independent risk factors for hospital mortality irrespective of HIV/AIDS disease.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
The efficacy of thymosin alpha 1 for severe sepsis (ETASS): a multicenter, single-blind, randomized and controlled trial.
Severe sepsis is associated with a high mortality rate despite implementation of guideline recommendations. Adjunctive treatment may be efficient and require further investigation. In light of the crucial role of immunologic derangement in severe sepsis, thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) is considered as a promising beneficial immunomodulatory drug. The trial is to evaluate whether Tα1 improves 28-day all-cause mortality rates and immunofunction in patients with severe sepsis. ⋯ The use of Tα1 therapy in combination with conventional medical therapies may be effective in improving clinical outcomes in a targeted population of severe sepsis.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Quality of life and pruritus in patients with severe sepsis resuscitated with hydroxyethyl starch long-term follow-up of a randomised trial.
The effects of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on patient-centered outcome measures have not been fully described in patients with severe sepsis. We assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the occurrence of pruritus in patients with severe sepsis randomized to resuscitation with HES 130/0.42 or Ringer's acetate. ⋯ At long-term follow-up patients with severe sepsis assigned to resuscitation with HES 130/0.42 had worse self-perceived HRQoL than those assigned to Ringer's acetate whereas there were no statistically significant differences in the occurrence of pruritus.