Articles: chronic.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Feb 2014
Deficiency of MDA5 Results in Exacerbated Chronic Post-Viral Lung Inflammation.
Respiratory viral infections can result in the establishment of chronic lung diseases. Understanding the early innate immune mechanisms that participate in the development of chronic postviral lung disease may reveal new targets for therapeutic intervention. The intracellular viral sensor protein melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) sustains the acute immune response to Sendai virus, a mouse pathogen that causes chronic lung inflammation, but its role in the development of postviral chronic lung disease is unknown. ⋯ MDA5 modulates the development of chronic lung inflammation by regulating the early inflammatory response in the lung.
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This article describes the rationale for the creation of pain medicine as a subspecialty in Canada and outlines a brief history of its development. ⋯ With the inception of this subspecialty, the treatment of acute pain, cancer pain, and chronic non-cancer pain will be further integrated within the Canadian healthcare system.
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Review Case Reports
Acquired pharmaco-dynamic opioid tolerance: a concept analysis.
To report an analysis of the concept of acquired pharmaco-dynamic opioid tolerance. ⋯ Untangling the antecedents, empirical referents and consequences of tolerance help healthcare professionals understand its complexities. Improved knowledge may ultimately influence patient outcomes through the construction of better monitoring systems. This concept analysis may also provide insights for policy change and give empirical direction for future research.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Feb 2014
Review[Nutrition of the critically ill - Is less more? How much energy for the ICU patient?].
Decreased nutritional intake or preexisting malnutrition is associated with increased morbidity and mortality during hospital stay. However nutritional support in particular for the ICU patient is not trivial. ⋯ Ideally about 25 kcal/kg/d should be targeted over a few days during metabolic monitoring. Alternatively indirect calorimetry should be applied where available.