Articles: function.
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Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors can block glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule and thus play an important role in glycemic control in diabetes mellitus. In addition to glucosuric effects, surprisingly very extensive other positive effects were observed in chronic renal dysfunction and strong cardioprotective effects in heart failure. In the meantime, numerous mechanisms have been identified apart from the pure sugar-influencing effect of the SGLT2 inhibitors, which can have a direct positive influence heart and kidneys. ⋯ In a short period of 10 years, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors was established as an essential therapy for cardio-renal indications to inhibit the progression of renal failure as well as to protect against heart failure apart from pure diabetes therapy. In numerous guidelines (ESC heart failure, KDGIO diabetes, ESH hypertension), the early use of SGLT2 inhibitors is now recommended for protection against cardio-renal events and is an important first-line addition to the previously established therapies. Apart from diabetes therapy, it offers patients completely new options in cardio-renal protection.
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Observational Study
Motor Imagery and Pain Processing in Patients with Entrapment Neuropathies: A Cross-Sectional Study.
(1) To assess the ability to generate both kinesthetic and visual motor imagery in participants with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), compared with asymptomatic participants. (2) To assess the influence of psychophysiological and functional variables in the motor imagery process. ⋯ CTS patients have greater difficulty generating motor images than asymptomatic individuals. Patients also spend more time during mental tasks. CTS patients present a relationship between temporal summation and the capacity to generate kinesthetic images. In addition, the CST patients presented a correlation between chronometry mental tasking and mechanical hyperalgesia.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 2023
Hyperoxia Increases Kidney Injury During Renal Ischemia and Reperfusion in Mice.
Renal ischemia and reperfusion (IR) contribute to perioperative acute kidney injury, and oxygen is a key regulator of this process. We hypothesized that oxygen administration during surgery and renal IR would impact postoperative kidney function and injury in mice. ⋯ In this controlled preclinical study of oxygen treatment during renal IR surgery, hyperoxia and hypoxia impaired renal function, increased renal injury, and impacted expression of genes that affect mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant response. These results might have implications for patients during surgery when high concentrations of oxygen are frequently administered, especially in cases involving renal IR.