Articles: function.
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Previous studies have explored the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients with fracture. However, no systematic review has addressed this issue. Thus, this systematic review investigated the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine on POCD in elderly patients with fracture. ⋯ The results of this study showed that dexmedetomidine could effectively manage POCD in elderly patients with fracture. However, the overall quality of included trials is not too high. Thus, the present findings should be cautiously referred.
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Observational Study
Shear wave elastography of the diaphragm in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A prospective observational study.
Patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are prone to diaphragmatic dysfunction. However, dynamic assessment of diaphragmatic function is complex and difficult, and whether the assessment of diaphragmatic function can reflect clinical indicators such as lung function in AECOPD patients remains unclear. We studied diaphragm stiffness and diaphragm stiffening rate (DSR) in AECOPD patients with acute exacerbations ≥ 2 times within 1 year and their correlation with clinical data, the diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF), lung function, and blood gas values. ⋯ There was no correlation between DsweFRC, DSR and arterial oxygen partial pressure in both groups (P > .05). The DsweFRC, DSR increased with the number of acute exacerbations per year in both groups. We found that diaphragmatic stiffness in AECOPD patients increased with the number of acute exacerbations within 1 year, correlated with DTF, CAT, mMRC, lung function, and arterial carbon dioxide pressure and provides a simple and practical method for dynamically assessing diaphragmatic function and disease severity in AECOPD patients.
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The development of immunosuppressants has enabled remarkable progress in kidney transplantation (KT). However, current immunosuppressants cannot induce immune tolerance, and their nonspecific immunosuppressive effects result in many adverse effects. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play crucial roles in controlling all specific immune responses. ⋯ However, no significant association was observed between Tregs and allograft dysfunction in the cox proportional hazard model. Tregs counts may be associated with the type and dose of immunosuppressants. However, no significant relationship was found between Tregs and kidney allograft function in stable KT recipients.
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To investigate glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with and without Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). In the present study, 103 women were included as controls and a total of 213 patients (49 patients with HT and 164 patients without HT) diagnosed with PCOS. The oral glucose tolerance, insulin release, thyroid function, and lipid levels were measured. ⋯ PCOS Patients with HT + had higher FINS, 60FINS, 120FINS, and insulin resistance levels than those without Hashimoto's thyroiditis group. HT + group had higher total cholesterol, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, while free triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine levels were significantly lower. PCOS can lead to disorders of glucolipid metabolism, PCOS with Hashimoto's thyroiditis may further exacerbate disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, and therefore thyroid function assessment in patients with PCOS needs to be emphasized.
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Persons with toxic gain-of-function variants in the gene encoding apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) are at greater risk for the development of rapidly progressive, proteinuric nephropathy. Despite the known genetic cause, therapies targeting proteinuric kidney disease in persons with two APOL1 variants (G1 or G2) are lacking. ⋯ Targeted inhibition of APOL1 channel function with inaxaplin reduced proteinuria in participants with two APOL1 variants and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. (Funded by Vertex Pharmaceuticals; VX19-147-101 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04340362.).