Articles: function.
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Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. · Feb 2023
Iron status in chronic inflammatory disease: therapeutic implications.
Anemia of inflammation (AI) is a very frequent clinical condition affecting globally more than a billion people with chronic inflammatory disorders, such as chronic kidney disease, heart failure, and inflammatory bowel disease. It is usually associated with iron deficiency (ID), which imposes a severe additional burden on the recovery from the primary disease. The pathophysiology of iron dysregulation that may ultimately lead to absolute iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during inflammation is multifactorial and includes reduced iron absorption in the bowel, iron retention in macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system, reduction in circulatory half‑life of erythrocytes, inadequate production and activity of erythropoietin, and impaired proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells. ⋯ Instead, intravenous iron preparations are a valuable option for patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, as they overcome reduced bowel absorption. Novel therapeutic approaches include downregulation of hepcidin synthesis and function, and stabilization of the hypoxia‑inducible factor via inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase domain. Several studies in vitro and in vivo are ongoing; however, the results in humans are still elusive.
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Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. · Feb 2023
Applicability of shear wave elastography for lacrimal gland evaluation in primary Sjögren's syndrome.
Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to their progressive destruction. ⋯ SWE of the lacrimal glands is a noninvasive, quantitative method that seems to be a reliable additional examination tool to support the diagnosis of pSS. Its role among the functional tests has not yet been well defined. To confirm the usefulness of SWE for pSS diagnosis, a standardized and widely accepted study protocol should be defined first.
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All over the world, climate change is exerting negative and complex effects on human living conditions and health. In this narrative review, we summarize the current global evidence regarding the effects of climate change on mental health. ⋯ The consequences of climate change are stress factors for mental health. Therefore, as global warming progresses, an increasing incidence and prevalence of mental illness is to be expected. Vulnerable groups, such as the (already) mentally ill, children, and adolescents, need to be protected. At the same time, there is a need for further systematic research on the mechanisms of action and effects of climate change on mental function.
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Cranioplasty is a surgical procedure used to repair cranial defects for both cosmetic and functional reasons. The complication rate of cranioplasty is between 10% and 50%. The failure of cranioplasty is associated with various factors, including etiologies, types of material, and the timing of cranioplasty. In this study, a case series of managing cranioplasty complications at a single institution. ⋯ Management of cranioplasty failure can be challenging due to infection, refractory implant exposure, and wound dehiscence. The principles of management are based on adequate infection control and reconstructive ladder. Meanwhile, collaboration with plastic surgery and neurosurgery should be strengthened in order to achieve the best clinical outcomes.