Articles: function.
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Controlled Clinical Trial
[Arthroscopic tenodesis or tenotomy of the long head of the biceps tendon in preselected patients : Does it make a difference?]
Are there clinical, cosmetic and/or structural differences between tenotomy and tenodesis of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHB) in patients selected according to commonly used indication criteria? ⋯ In patients preselected according to routinely used indication parameters (e.g. age, BMI and functional requirements of the shoulder) both LHB-TD and LHB-TT can achieve good to very good functional and cosmetic results with high patient satisfaction.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severe neurodevelopment disorder. This study tests the hypothesis that children with ASD show atypical intrinsic complexity of brain activity. Electroencephalogram data were collected from boys with ASD and matching normal typically developing children while performing an observation and an imitation task. ⋯ A decreased electroencephalogram complexity was observed in the ASD children both during the observation and during the imitation tasks. On comparing the two tasks, significant differences were observed between groups in the right hemisphere, and also the central cortex for the observation task. Multiscale entropy could provide further evidence of the relationship between ASD and cerebral dysfunction.
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Pain is a largely neglected symptom in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) although it is reported by most of these patients. It occurs at all stages of the disease and can be an onset symptom preceding motor dysfunction. Pain is correlated with a deterioration in patients' quality of life and increased prevalence of depression. ⋯ The site of pain depends on the pain type or underlying mechanism (eg, painful cramps, nociceptive pain, or neuropathic pain). Given the multifactorial nature of pain in patients with ALS, different treatments have been suggested, ranging from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs for neuropathic pain, opioids, and cannabinoids, to physical therapy strategies and preventive assistive devices. Further understanding of the pathophysiology is crucial to drive assessment in clinical trials of therapeutic strategies targeted at specific mechanisms and studies of individualised therapies.
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Expectations can dramatically influence the perception of pain, as has been shown in placebo analgesia or nocebo hyperalgesia. Here, we investigated the role of expectation on the interruptive function of pain - the negative consequences of pain on cognitive task performance - in 42 healthy human subjects. ⋯ We show that the interruptive function of pain on concurrent visual task performance is influenced by expectation. Positive expectation can abolish the detrimental effects of pain on cognition. These expectancy effects on the interruptive function of pain are mediated by changes in functional connectivity between rostral ACC, posterior fusiform cortex and the hippocampus.