Articles: sars-cov-2.
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The Lancet celebrates its 200th anniversary in 2023. In this survey of the journal's history, we explore how it has contributed to shaping medicine both in the UK and internationally, and how it has demonstrated a commitment to "The best science for better lives". For two centuries, the journal has published pioneering articles on key developments in medical science and the organisation of health care. ⋯ Themes include the raising of professional standards; environmental health in urbanising Britain; the transformation of surgery; the emergence of tropical medicine; the science and politics of vaccination; the advance towards universal health coverage; and the transition from international to global health. In the imperial era, both the journal's research reports and editorial stance were sometimes inflected with colonial attitudes, although it consistently presented medicine as an international endeavour. The Lancet's blend of science and advocacy demonstrates a track record of campaigning for medicine in the cause of social betterment.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has clearly had a great influence on the lifestyles of the population, especially on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. During the COVID-19 outbreak, many countries/regions implemented social-isolation measures, leading to an increase in negative behaviors and impairing the capability of diabetic patients to resist COVID-19, ultimately causing severe prognoses. Moreover, as the epidemic progressed, multiple studies emphasized the significance of physical exercise in the management of type 2 diabetic patients infected with COVID-19. ⋯ Additionally, the effects of high-intensity, moderate-intensity, and low-intensity exercises on novel coronavirus pneumonia infection in type 2 diabetic patients and the mechanisms of the effects of such exercise were considered. We concluded that elderly diabetic patients with COVID-19 should perform low-intensity exercises to facilitate their recoveries. This study offers guidance for a proper understanding of the dangers of diabetes and the use of appropriate measures to reduce the risk of novel coronavirus pneumonia infections in type 2 diabetic patients.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the death of millions and many more have been infected worldwide. The causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, affects the lung where it elicits an aggressive inflammatory response leading to respiratory failure in severe cases. This infection has been linked to pulmonary fibrosis, a process characterized by fibroproliferation and the exaggerated deposition of collagen and other extracellular matrices. ⋯ These events may trigger the rapid progression or exacerbation of underlying interstitial lung disorders or promote fibrosis in a previously healthy lung. Although the natural progression of such conditions cannot always be predicted, fibrosis may progress even after the virus has been eliminated or, in cases where it does not progress, may become irreversible, leading to long-standing symptoms like shortness of breath and exercise intolerance resulting from loss of lung function. Although COVID-19 related pulmonary fibrosis is not common, preventive measures like vaccination are encouraged, as they are expected to reduce infection or its severity, thereby decreasing the possibility of life-changing respiratory conditions such as pulmonary fibrosis.
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Clinicians and patients want to know the benefits and harms of outpatient treatment options for the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. ⋯ American College of Physicians. (PROSPERO: CRD42023406456).
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The COVID-19 disease wreaked havoc all over the world causing more than 6 million deaths out of over 519 million confirmed cases. It not only disturbed the human race health-wise but also caused huge economic losses and social disturbances. The utmost urgency to counter pandemic was to develop effective vaccines as well as treatments that could reduce the incidences of infection, hospitalization and deaths. ⋯ The SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants have emphasized the need of booster vaccine doses to enhance protective immunity in vaccinated individuals. Additionally, therapeutic effectiveness of Molnupiravir, Paxlovid and Evusheld are also providing resistance against the spread of COVID-19 disease as well as may be effective against emerging variants. This review highlights the progress in developing COVID-19 vaccines, their protective efficacies, advances being made to design more efficacious vaccines, and presents an overview on advancements in developing potent drugs and monoclonal antibodies for countering COVID-19 and emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 including the most recently emerged and highly mutated Omicron variant.