Articles: diarrhea-etiology.
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Lactose intolerance, the inability to metabolise lactose in milk and dairy products is due to deficiency of lactase in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract resulting in multiple GI and systemic symptoms. Diagnosis requires a degree of clinical suspicion.
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Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. · May 2010
Diarrhea in patients infected with HIV presenting to the emergency department.
Diarrhea is an exceedingly common complaint in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and the severity of symptoms ranges from mild, self-limiting diarrhea to debilitating disease that can result in malnutrition, volume loss, and shock. Up to 40% of patients with HIV infection report at least 1 episode of diarrhea in a given month, and approximately 1 quarter of patients experience chronic diarrhea at some point. The prevalence of diarrhea increases with decreasing CD4 counts. The clinical features, diagnosis, and management of diarrhea in patients with HIV are reviewed.
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Apr 2010
Randomized Controlled TrialOctreotide acetate in prevention of chemoradiation-induced diarrhea in anorectal cancer: randomized RTOG trial 0315.
In anorectal cancer patients, an acute side effect of chemoradiotherapy is gastrointestinal toxicity, which often impedes treatment delivery. Based on previous trials, octreotide acetate is widely recommended for the control of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea. However, the effectiveness of octreotide in preventing or controlling radiation- and chemoradiation-induced diarrhea is not known. ⋯ In this study, the prophylactic use of LAO did not prevent the incidence or reduce the severity of diarrhea and had no notable impact on patient-reported bowel function or QoL.