Articles: brain-pathology.
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Stereotact Funct Neurosurg · Jan 2000
Comparative StudyIn vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain tumors.
The ability of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to differentiate neoplastic brain cells and their metabolic and structural characteristics is evaluated. We examined 120 patients with brain tumors using a 1.5-tesla MRI unit and MRS. The peak areas of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), phosphocreatine-creatine (Pcr-Cr), choline-containing compounds (Cho), lactate, lipids, myoinositol, amino acids and the ratios of NAA/Pcr-Cr, NAA/Cho and Cho/Pcr-Cr were calculated by a standard integral algorithm. ⋯ The greater this ratio, the higher the grade of the astrocytoma. NAA/Pcr-Cr together with Cho/Pcr-Cr help specify the presence or absence of a neoplasm. Proton MRS is a useful and promising diagnostic modality not only in diagnosing but also in grading solid brain tumors.
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Acta neurochirurgica · Jan 2000
Craniocerebral war missile injuries: clinical and radiological study.
In this study we reviewed the initial clinical and radiological management and early outcomes of 176 consecutive patients from the war in Croatia.
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Revista de neurologia · Dec 1999
Letter Case Reports[Trigeminal neuralgia associated with Arnold Chiari malformation].
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Some of the neurological deficits that emerge after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in humans are presumably caused by ischemic brain damage consequential to SAH-induced delayed cerebral vasospasm. This vasospasm probably results from an imbalance among vasoactive factors released from both the clot formed by extravasated blood and adjacent tissues, and in particular from a decrease in the endothelium-derived relaxing factor nitric oxide (NO). Brain ischemia is also known to elevate brain production and deposition of beta-amyloid, and to induce a delayed increase in total NO synthase (NOS) activity due to induction of expression of so-called induced NOS isoform, phenomena that may secondarily contribute to SAH-related brain damage. ⋯ Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 0.18 mmol/kg hydroxylamine hydrochloride (12.5 mg/kg) twice daily for 7 days beginning immediately after the first 'hemorrhage' (intracisternal blood injection) reduced basilar arterial wall damage and attenuated post-SAH neurological deficit. It also reduced the SAH-related increases in hippocampal and cortical beta-APP immunoreactivities and hippocampal NOS activity measured 24 h after commencement of the treatment. These results indicate that intracellular NO donors that yield NO through the action of widely distributed enzymes in brain cells (cytochromes, catalase) can attenuate detrimental effects of SAH.
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Semin Pediatr Neurol · Dec 1999
ReviewNeuroimaging of postnatal pediatric central nervous system infections.
Pediatric neuroimaging plays an important role in the timely diagnosis of postnatal central nervous system (CNS) infections, and in some patients the imaging findings are sufficiently specific to suggest a cause. The sequela of CNS infection, including hydrocephalus, subdural collections, ischemia/infarction, cerebral abscess, demyelination, and vascular thrombosis, can be accurately depicted and serially followed with current imaging techniques. The purpose of this review is to describe the spectrum of pediatric postnatal CNS infections, emphasizing key pathological and neuroimaging features, and to outline the strengths, weaknesses, and applications of current neuroimaging technology. The prenatal and perinatal infections falling under the designation of TORCH (toxoplasmosis, other [e.g., syphilis, HIV], rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex II) are not covered.