Articles: brain-pathology.
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To determine the value of performing computed tomography (CT) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in children with chronic headaches. ⋯ These results indicate that brain imaging studies have very limited value in evaluating headaches in pediatric patients without clinical evidence of an underlying structural lesion.
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AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · Aug 1995
Characterization of multiple sclerosis plaques with T1-weighted MR and quantitative magnetization transfer.
To investigate the relationship between the appearance of multiple sclerosis lesions identified on unenhanced T1-weighted images and their corresponding magnetization transfer ratios. ⋯ Lesions isointense to white matter exhibited higher magnetization transfer ratio values than lesions that were hypointense. These findings are consistent with relative preservation of the myelin structure in the former, perhaps indicating that these lesions are predominantly inflammatory (edematous) in nature. The proportionately lower magnetization transfer ratio values of lesions that appear progressively more hypointense on T1-weighted images may reflect varying degrees of demyelination, with increasing lesion hypointensity corresponding to more breakdown in the macromolecular structure. These results suggest that T1-weighted images may be useful in characterizing the underlying pathologic substrate in multiple sclerosis plaques.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Apr 1995
A model of parasagittal controlled cortical impact in the mouse: cognitive and histopathologic effects.
Controlled cortical impact (CCI), using a pneumatically driven impactor to produce traumatic brain injury, has been characterized previously in both the ferret and in the rat. In the present study, we applied this technique to establish and characterize the CCI model of brain injury in another species, the mouse, evaluating cognitive and histopathologic outcome. In anesthetized (sodium pentobarbital, 65 mg/kg) male C57BL mice, we performed sham treatment (no injury, n = 12) or CCI injury (n = 12) at a velocity of 5.7-6.2 m/sec and depth of 1 mm, using a 3-mm diameter rounded-tip impounder, positioned over the left parietotemporal cortex (parasagittal). ⋯ Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier was demonstrated with antimouse IgG immunohistochemistry, revealing extravasation of endogenous IgG throughout the ipsilateral cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus. These results suggest that this new model of parasagittal CCI in the mouse mimics a number of well-established sequelae observed in previously characterized brain injury models using other rodent species. This mouse model may be a particularly useful experimental tool for comparing behavioral and histopathologic characteristics of traumatic brain injury in wild-type and genetically altered mice.
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Although there are various methods of determining neurological prognosis after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the final outcome of patients often remains unclear for quite a long time. ⋯ Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and short-latency evoked potentials are of great benefit in the prognostic evaluation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
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Case Reports
Tension pneumocephalus--a rare complication of radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
A patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated by radiotherapy developed tension pneumocephalus due to a naso-cranial fistula. The fistula was due to a pathological fracture at the base of skull affected by bone necrosis. The clinical features, neuro-radiological and post-mortem findings are presented. ⋯ The cause of the tension pneumocephalus in relation to radiation bone necrosis and the possible role of pneumocephalus in producing the multifocal cerebral infarction are discussed. The more common radiation necrosis of brain is also discussed. The pathogenesis of the pneumocephalus in this patient is distinctly different from the more common causes such as head injury and surgery.