Articles: brain-pathology.
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Top Magn Reson Imaging · Jan 1995
ReviewThe use of MR contrast in nonneoplastic disease of the brain.
The clinical utility of intravenous contrast administration in nonneoplastic disease of the brain is well established. Although primarily providing improved diagnostic specificity, contrast use can also improve lesion detection. Applications are discussed in infection, vascular disorders, diseases of white matter, and trauma. ⋯ Basic research suggests efficacy for high dose in disease states with partial or early blood-brain barrier disruption. Gadolinium chelates play as important a role in the evaluation of nonneoplastic disease of the brain as do iodinated agents in computed tomography. Contrast administration facilitates time-efficient and cost-effective diagnosis.
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AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · Jan 1995
Acute transverse myelopathy: spinal and cranial MR study with clinical follow-up.
To evaluate the contribution of MR in determining the cause of acute transverse myelopathy, to determine the frequency and types of the intracranial lesions detectable on MR at the onset of the disease, and to monitor clinical and MR evolution of the disease. ⋯ MR contributed to establishing the diagnosis in 40% of our cases.
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AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · Jan 1995
Comparative StudyMagnetization transfer effects in MR-detected multiple sclerosis lesions: comparison with gadolinium-enhanced spin-echo images and nonenhanced T1-weighted images.
To define the relationship between magnetization transfer and blood-brain-barrier breakdown in multiple sclerosis lesions using gadolinium enhancement as an index of the latter. ⋯ We speculate that diminished MTR may reflect diminished myelin content and that hypointensity on T1-weighted images corresponds to demyelination. Central regions of ring-enhancing lesions had a lower MTR than the periphery, suggesting that demyelination in multiple sclerosis lesions occurs centrifugally. In addition, the short-repetition-time pulse sequence seems useful in the evaluation of myelin loss in patients with multiple sclerosis.
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'Brain death' is defined pathophysiologically as intracranial circulatory arrest. The morphological features of brain death include cerebral edema, absence of reactive changes, and--after an interval of 15-36 h--the morphological hallmarks of respirator brain: edema, global softening of the brain, dusky discoloration of the gray matter, and often necrotic and sloughing tonsillar herniations. ⋯ These issues are elucidated and their bearing on forensic practice is illustrated by several real-life situations. Thus, neuropathological examination in the case of clinically diagnosed brain death is--without doubt--necessary in order to answer several questions often or regularly expected.
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Case Reports
[A 65-year-old woman with headache, facial pain, and progressive multiple cranial neuropathy].
We report a 65-year-old woman with progressive multiple cranial neuropathy. She had been suffered from bronchial asthma since 1979 for which prednisolone had been prescribed. She noted an onset of pain around her nose in October, 1989, which extended into the periorbital regions bilaterally. ⋯ Following abnormalities were present in the laboratory examination: WBC 11,400/microliters, ESR 50 mm/hr, CRP 6.1 mg/dl. The lumbar CSF was under a normal pressure containing 29 WBC/microliters (neutrophils 7, lymphocytes 20, others 2), 67 mg/dl of protein, and 53 mg/dl of sugar; cultures for acid-fast bacilli as well as for other bacteria were negative; no malignant cells were found. A cranial CT scan revealed an isodensity mass in the orbit and ill-defined low density areas in the white matters of the frontal lobes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)