Articles: brain-pathology.
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Revista médica de Chile · Dec 1990
Case Reports[The value of cerebral biopsy in patients with AIDS and extensive cerebral lesions].
We performed cerebral biopsy in 4 patients with AIDS and evidence of expanding intracerebral lesions. Three patients had cerebral toxoplasmosis and the fourth had Chagas encephalitis. No patient developed complications. We feel that cerebral biopsy is warranted and safe in patients with AIDS and intracerebral lesions of uncertain origin.
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AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · Nov 1990
Maple syrup urine disease: findings on CT and MR scans of the brain in 10 infants.
Ten infants with classical maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) and two with variant MSUD had a total of 26 CT scans and 13 MR examinations of the brain during different stages of their disease. We found that inter- and intrapatient analyses of CT and MR findings at times ranging from 3 days to 7 months were typical enough to suggest the MSUD diagnosis. Imaging studies showed the natural course of the disease and, in a few cases, illustrated the effects of therapy. ⋯ In addition, a localized, more severe edema (the MSUD edema) is seen, which involves the deep cerebellar white matter, the dorsal part of the brainstem, the cerebral peduncles, and the dorsal limb of the internal capsule. Both the generalized and the MSUD edema subside during the second month of life, then may disappear totally or leave a well-defined, low-density zone around the lateral ventricles and small, low-attenuation lesions within the brainstem, respectively. With the disappearance of the edema, some loss of brain substance becomes obvious.
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AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · Sep 1990
Case ReportsDiffusion-weighted MR imaging of the brain: value of differentiating between extraaxial cysts and epidermoid tumors.
This study demonstrates the use of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in improving the specificity of the diagnosis of extraaxial brain tumors. Three surgically proved lesions (one arachnoid cyst and two epidermoid tumors) and two nonsurgically proved lesions (arachnoid and ependymal cysts) were evaluated with T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo studies followed by intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MR imaging. The IVIM images of the lesions were displayed as an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) image obtained at 0.65 G/cm (maximum gradient b value = 100 sec/mm2) and compared with external oil and water phantoms. ⋯ Cisternal CSF demonstrated uniformly high ADC, primarily because of bulk flow, which enhanced image contrast. Improved delineation of postsurgical changes was also possible. Our preliminary results show that diffusion-weighted MR imaging can be useful in distinguishing between arachnoid cysts and epidermoid tumors.
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We assessed the morphologic findings of the brain prospectively before and after cardiac surgery using magnetic resonance imaging. There were 12 patients with acyanotic and 6 with cyanotic heart disease. There were 2 deaths, and 1 patient did not have to undergo postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. ⋯ The subdural hematomas were small and caused no demonstrable mass effect on magnetic resonance imaging. One patient had a preoperative white matter infarction. There was 1 patient with a postoperative infarction.
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Dev Med Child Neurol · Feb 1990
Magnetic resonance imaging of inflammatory and demyelinating white-matter diseases of childhood.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 36 children and two adults (with clinical presentation during childhood) with white-matter disease of the central nervous system. Abnormalities were readily demonstrated in patients with multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, leucodystrophies and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: MRI demonstrated the extent and distribution of abnormalities more clearly than computed tomography for all these disorders. ⋯ Children with clinically isolated optic neuritis had a significantly lower frequency of MRI brain-lesions than adults with the same disorder. MRI should be regarded as the radiological investigation of choice when white-matter disease is suspected in children.