Articles: sensitivity-specificity.
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J Clin Monit Comput · Jun 2024
Observational StudyCan NIRS be a surrogate indicator of elective shunt in carotid endarterectomy? A single-center observational retrospective study says no.
Neuromonitoring during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) under general anesthesia is desirable and may be useful for preventing brain ischemia, but the selection of the most appropriate method remains controversial. ⋯ NIRS is inferior to multimodality IONM in detecting brain ischemia and predicting postoperative neurological status during CEA under general anesthesia.
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical complication of sepsis. There is a continuous need to identify and validate biomarkers for early detection. Serum and urinary biomarkers have been investigated, such as neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C (Cys C), but their reliability in the intensive care unit (ICU) remains unknown. ⋯ The RRI value (T1 ≥ 0.72) was the best tool for predicting AKI diagnosis (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, AUROC = 0.905). Cys C (T1 ≥ 15.1 mg/l) was the best tool to predict the persistence of AKI (AUROC = 0.977). RRI (T1) was the best predictive tool for sepsis-associated AKI, while Cys C was the best predictor of its persistence and 28-day mortality.
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Observational Study
The utility of artificial intelligence in identifying radiological evidence of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis in a high-burden tuberculosis setting.
Artificial intelligence (AI), using deep learning (DL) systems, can be utilised to detect radiological changes of various pulmonary diseases. Settings with a high burden of tuberculosis (TB) and people living with HIV can potentially benefit from the use of AI to augment resource-constrained healthcare systems. ⋯ The qXR software was sensitive and specific in categorising chest radiographs as consistent with lung cancer or TB, and can potentially aid in the earlier detection and management of these diseases.
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Excessive gambling can cause substantial biopsychosocial problems (e.g., difficulties with finances, relationships, mental, and physical health). For military Service Members, it can also result in security clearance denial or revocation, failure to achieve promotions, and premature career termination. Recent congressional mandates have obligated the U.S. Department of Defense to screen for problematic gambling, the predictive values of which are a function of (i) problem prevalence and (ii) tool sensitivity and specificity. This meta-review (i.e., systematic review of systematic reviews) on the screening properties of gambling assessment tools and the effectiveness of treatments for gambling disorder is to inform military services on responding to Service Members' gambling problems. ⋯ The combination of low prevalence of GD and subclinical gambling problems in the general population, coupled with modest sensitivity and specificity, makes screening unfeasible in the general SM population. However, dual-phase screening in higher-prevalence subpopulations (i.e., SMs already identified with substance-abuse or mental-health problems) would be viable. Regarding treatment, several interventions-already used in military healthcare-with extensive empirical track records have been successfully used to treat adults with GD.
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Meta Analysis
Diagnostic performance of acoustic radiation force impulse for acute pancreatitis: A meta-analysis.
The objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) in acute pancreatitis (AP) patients. ⋯ This meta-analysis demonstrated that ARFI exerted satisfactory diagnostic performance in AP.