Articles: narcotic-antagonists.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Injectable extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) for opioid dependence: long-term safety and effectiveness.
To describe drug use and safety with intramuscular injectable extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) in opioid dependence during a 1-year open-label extension phase. ⋯ During a 1-year open-label extension phase of injectable XR-NTX for the prevention of relapse in opioid dependence, 62.3% of patients completed the phase and 50.9% were abstinent from opioids. No new safety concerns were evident.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Sep 2013
Development of Opioid Overdose Knowledge (OOKS) and Attitudes (OOAS) Scales for take-home naloxone training evaluation.
To develop an Opioid Overdose Knowledge Scale (OOKS) and an Opioid Overdose Attitudes Scale (OOAS) to evaluate take-home naloxone training. ⋯ The 45-item OOKS and 28-item OOAS are suitable as outcome measures of take-home naloxone training for friends and family members of opioid users.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of as-needed nalmefene in alcohol-dependent patients with at least a high drinking risk level: results from a subgroup analysis of two randomized controlled 6-month studies.
The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of as-needed use of nalmefene 18 mg versus placebo in reducing alcohol consumption in patients who did not reduce their alcohol consumption after an initial assessment, i.e. the pooled subgroup of patients with at least a high drinking risk level (men: >60 g/day; women: >40 g/day) at both screening and randomization from the two randomized controlled 6-month studies ESENSE 1 (NCT00811720) and ESENSE 2 (NCT00812461). ⋯ As-needed nalmefene was efficacious in reducing alcohol consumption in patients with at least a high drinking risk level at both screening and randomization, and the effect in this subgroup was larger than in the total population.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Sep 2013
Use of naltrexone for alcohol use disorders in the Veterans' Health Administration: a national study.
This study aimed to determine the proportion of patients with alcohol use disorders who were prescribed naltrexone in Veterans Administration (VA) Healthcare system for fiscal year (FY) 2010 and socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with its use. ⋯ The rate of use of naltrexone by clinicians and patients remains low and having a co-morbid axis I diagnosis and receiving specialty mental health care were strong predictors of receiving a naltrexone prescription. Understanding the reasons for these findings may further naltrexone's clinical usefulness.
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Neuroscience letters · Aug 2013
Mu-opioidergic modulation differs in deep and superficial wide-dynamic range dorsal horn neurons in mice.
The spinal cord dorsal horn is an important action site for morphine analgesia. Wide-dynamic range (WDR) neurons in the dorsal horn are essential to spinal pain transmission and show increased excitability after repetitive noxious drive (windup). In light of differences in mu-opioid receptor distribution and neurophysiological properties of WDR neurons between deep and superficial dorsal horn, we recorded extracellular single-unit activity of WDR neurons from deep (350-700 μm) and superficial (<350 μm) dorsal horn in C57BL/6 mice and compared their responses to spinal superfusion of morphine (0.5mM, 30 μl) and naloxone (1mM, 30 μl). ⋯ In separate experiments, spinal administration of naloxone facilitated the development of windup to 0.2 Hz stimulation in deep (n=10), but not superficial (n=8), WDR neurons. Accordingly, morphine and naloxone modulation of neuronal activity may be related to a specific effect on neuronal sensitization/plasticity in deep WDR neurons, whereas morphine inhibition may depress acute noxious inputs to superficial WDR neurons. Our study suggests that mu-opioidergic modulation may be different in deep and superficial WDR neurons.