Articles: narcotic-antagonists.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Fixed-ratio combination oxycodone/naloxone compared with oxycodone alone for the relief of opioid-induced constipation in moderate-to-severe noncancer pain.
Opioid therapy is frequently associated with treatment-limiting constipation. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist with low oral systemic bioavailability. This Phase III clinical trial assessed the safety and efficacy of an oral fixed-ratio combination of oxycodone prolonged-release (PR) and naloxone PR compared with oxycodone PR in relieving opioid-induced constipation. ⋯ This double-blind, multicenter trial was conducted in specialist and primary care centers in four European countries in an out-patients setting. The study included 322 adult patients with moderate-to-severe, noncancer pain requiring opioid therapy in a range of >or=20 mg/day and
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 2008
Case ReportsReversal of opioid-induced gastric dysfunction in a critically ill burn patient after methylnaltrexone.
Peripheral-acting mu opiate receptor antagonists have been extensively studied for the treatment of opiate-induced constipation in advanced illness for the prophylaxis of postoperative ileus. We document the first intensive care patient to receive methylnaltrexone in an attempt to facilitate enteral nutrition. Gastric residuals markedly decreased and enteral feeding increased after administration of i.v. methylnaltrexone. The patient's ileus resolved coincident with the first injection.
-
Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. · Dec 2008
Hypothesis on reciprocal interactions between the central and peripheral components of the endogenous opioid system.
A hypothesis on reciprocal interactions between the central and peripheral components of the endogenous opioid system was formulated on the basis of results of our experimental studies and published data. In order to verify this hypothesis, we studied the effects of peripheral administration of loperamide (mu-opioid receptor agonist) and methylnaloxone (opioid receptor antagonist) not penetrating through the blood-brain barrier on the pain sensitivity of rats, morphine-induced analgesia, and formation of morphine analgesia tolerance. Peripheral loperamide and methylnaloxone modulated the central mechanisms of perception of painful stimuli. ⋯ Methylnaloxone and loperamide partially prevented the development of morphine analgesia tolerance. Hence, the results confirm the hypothesis about the reciprocal interactions between the central and peripheral compartments of the endogenous opioid system. The relationships between the central and peripheral compartments of the opioid system can be more intricate when its function is modulated.
-
Intensive care medicine · Dec 2008
The nociceptin/orphanin FQ-NOP receptor antagonist effects on an animal model of sepsis.
The aim of this study was investigate the effects of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and ([Nphe(1),Arg(14),Lys(15)]N/OFQ-NH(2)) (UFP-101), the endogenous N/OFQ peptide receptor (NOP) ligand and a selective NOP antagonist, respectively, in the inflammatory response after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis in rats. ⋯ Our findings point to a functional relationship between the N/OFQ-NOP receptor system and inflammatory response in the CLP model of sepsis and suggest that NOP receptor antagonists are worthy of testing as innovative drugs for the treatment of sepsis.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Extended vs short-term buprenorphine-naloxone for treatment of opioid-addicted youth: a randomized trial.
The usual treatment for opioid-addicted youth is detoxification and counseling. Extended medication-assisted therapy may be more helpful. ⋯ Continuing treatment with buprenorphine-naloxone improved outcome compared with short-term detoxification. Further research is necessary to assess the efficacy and safety of longer-term treatment with buprenorphine for young individuals with opioid dependence.