Articles: regulatory-t-lymphocytes.
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Clin. Exp. Immunol. · Jun 2014
Association between discordant immunological response to highly active anti-retroviral therapy, regulatory T cell percentage, immune cell activation and very low-level viraemia in HIV-infected patients.
The mechanisms sustaining the absence of complete immune recovery in HIV-infected patients upon long-term effective highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) remain elusive. Immune activation, regulatory T cells (T(regs)) or very low-level viraemia (VLLV) have been alternatively suspected, but rarely investigated simultaneously. We performed a cross-sectional study in HIV-infected aviraemic subjects (mean duration of HAART: 12 years) to concomitantly assess parameters associated independently with inadequate immunological response. ⋯ In the multivariate analysis, nadir of CD4(+) T cell count and percentage of T(regs) were the only two parameters associated independently with iIR [odds ratio (OR) = 2·339, P = 0·001, and OR = 0·803, P = 0·041]. We present here the largest study investigating simultaneously the immune response to long-term HAART, activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, T(reg) percentages and very low-level viraemia. Causative interactions between T(regs) and CD4(+) T cells should now be explored prospectively in a large patients cohort.
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Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi · Jun 2014
[The decline in lung function is associated with a decrease in the number of BTLA⁺ lymphocytes and regulatory T cells in patients with rheumatism].
To investigate the relationships between B, T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), regulatory T (Treg) cells and reduced lung function of patients with rheumatism. ⋯ The decline in lung function of patients with rheumatism is related to down-regulation of BTLA, Tregs and excessively abnormal activation of T and B cells.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · May 2014
Density and Duration of Pneumococcal Carriage is Maintained by TGFB1 and T Regulatory Cells.
Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is a prerequisite for invasive disease, but the majority of carriage episodes are asymptomatic and self-resolving. Interactions determining the development of carriage versus invasive disease are poorly understood but will influence the effectiveness of vaccines or therapeutics that disrupt nasal colonization. ⋯ These data explain the mechanisms by which S. pneumoniae colonize the human nasopharynx without inducing damaging host inflammation and provide insight into the role of bacterial and host constituents that allow and maintain carriage.
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International immunology · May 2014
MiR-568 inhibits the activation and function of CD4⁺ T cells and Treg cells by targeting NFAT5.
CD4(+) T cells play critical roles in orchestrating adaptive immune responses. Their activation and proliferation are critical steps that occur before they execute their biological functions. Despite the important role of this process, the underlying molecular events are not fully understood. ⋯ In addition, inhibition of NFAT5 by siRNA-mediated knockdown can inhibit the activation and differentiation of Treg cells. These findings reveal that miR-568 can inhibit the activation and function of both CD4(+) T cells and Treg cells by targeting NFAT5. Since miR-568 plays an important role in both CD4(+) T cells and Treg cells, these findings may provide leads for the development of novel treatments for human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.