Articles: peripheral-nerve-injuries-physiopathology.
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Neuropathic pain is often a consequence of nerve injury due to surgery, cancer, bone compression, diabetes, or infection. This type of pain can be so severe that even the slightest touch can cause intense pain in the affected area. ⋯ In this review, we summarize the roles of the microglia in the functioning of ATP receptors and of the astrocytes in neuropathic pain. Understanding the key functions of the microglia and astrocytes may lead to the development of new strategies for the management of intractable chronic pain.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · May 2012
Review[Nerve injury due to peripheral nerve blocks: Pathophysiology and aetiology].
Permanent nerve injury as a complication of peripheral regional anaesthesia is fortunately rare with an estimated incidence of 0,03%. However, transient neurological symptoms are more frequent with an occurrence of 3-8%. ⋯ Regarding pathophysiology, trauma-related inflammation should be acknowledged as an important interference during nerve recovery. Needle-nerve contacts, nerve perforation and local cytotoxicity of local anaesthetics should be reduced to a minimum by application of nerve stimulation, ultrasound and an adequate dosage of local anaesthetics with less locotoxicity.
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Diseases and injuries to the nervous system can lead to a devastating chronic pain condition called neuropathic pain. We review changes that occur in the peripheral nervous system that may play a role in this disease. Common animal models for neuropathic pain involve an injury to one or more peripheral nerves. ⋯ Recent data indicate that adjacent, uninjured nerve fibers also exhibit significant changes. These changes are thought to be driven by injury-induced alterations in the milieu surrounding the uninjured nerve and nerve terminals. Thus, alteration in neural signaling in both injured and uninjured neurons play a role in the development of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury.