Articles: cross-over-studies.
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There is emerging evidence that primary dysmenorrhoea (PDM) is associated with altered brain function and structure. However, few studies have investigated changes in regional cortical thickness and subcortical volumes in PDM patients. The purpose of this study was to characterize differences in both cortical thickness and subcortical volumes between PDM patients and healthy controls (HCs). ⋯ These findings provide further evidence for grey matter changes in patients with PDM, and in addition, the results support relationships between the structural abnormalities and their role in symptom production. All these results are likely to be potential valuable to provide us with direct information about the neural basis of PDM.
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Clin. Vaccine Immunol. · Apr 2016
The Secreted Protein Rv1860 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Stimulates Human Polyfunctional CD8+ T Cells.
We previously reported that Rv1860 protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis stimulated CD4(+)and CD8(+)T cells secreting gamma interferon (IFN-γ) in healthy purified protein derivative (PPD)-positive individuals and protected guinea pigs immunized with a DNA vaccine and a recombinant poxvirus expressing Rv1860 from a challenge with virulent M. tuberculosis We now show Rv1860-specific polyfunctional T (PFT) cell responses in the blood of healthy latently M. tuberculosis-infected individuals dominated by CD8(+) T cells, using a panel of 32 overlapping peptides spanning the length of Rv1860. Multiple subsets of CD8(+) PFT cells were significantly more numerous in healthy latently infected volunteers (HV) than in tuberculosis (TB) patients (PAT). ⋯ We further identified a peptide spanning amino acids 21 to 39 of the Rv1860 protein with the potential to distinguish latent TB infection from disease due to its ability to stimulate differential cytokine signatures in HV and PAT. We suggest that a TB vaccine carrying these and other CD8(+) T-cell-stimulating antigens has the potential to prevent progression of latent M. tuberculosis infection to TB disease.
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Comparative Study
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist feasibility during anaesthesia: A randomised crossover study of two anaesthetics in a large animal model.
Spontaneous breathing during mechanical ventilation improves gas exchange by redistribution of ventilation to dependent lung regions. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) supports spontaneous breathing in proportion to the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi). NAVA has never been used in the operating room and no studies have systematically addressed the influence of different anaesthetic drugs on EAdi. ⋯ NAVA is feasible during ketamine-propofol and ketamine-sevoflurane anaesthesia in pigs. Sevoflurane promotes lower Vt, and affects NME and NVE less than propofol. Our data warrant studies of NAVA in humans undergoing anaesthesia.
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Scand J Trauma Resus · Mar 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialComparison of Miller and Airtraq laryngoscopes for orotracheal intubation by physicians wearing CBRN protective equipment during infant resuscitation: a randomized crossover simulation study.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of orotracheal intubation with the Miller laryngoscope compared with the Airtraq laryngoscope by emergency and pediatric physicians wearing CBRN-PPE type III on infant manikins with conventional airway. We hypothesized that in this situation, the orotracheal intubation with the Airtraq laryngoscope would be faster and more effective than with the Miller laryngoscope. ⋯ It seems useful to train the physicians in emergency departments in the use of pediatric Airtraq and for the management of CBRN risks.
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Quantitative sensory testing (QST) in accordance with the DFNS (German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain) protocol assesses the function of afferent nerve fibers on the basis of 13 parameters. Within the consortia IMI (Innovative Medicines Initiative) Europain and Neuropain, QST results from pain research units experienced in QST across Europe can be compared for the first time. Aim of this analysis was to identify possible biases in the QST assessment between 10 centers from 8 different European countries. ⋯ There was no systematic heterogeneity for patients with painful peripheral nerve injury and painful polyneuropathy. For healthy subjects, only blunt pressure pain threshold showed a considerable heterogeneity of 42% (95% confidence interval: 0%-66%). In conclusion, QST of both healthy subjects and patients with peripheral neuropathic pain is largely homogenous within the European centers, an essential prerequisite for performing multicenter QST-based studies.