Articles: opioid.
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Clinical Trial
Mechanisms of "Cough-Trick" for Pain Relief during Venipuncture: An Experimental Crossover Investigation in Healthy Volunteers.
The easily performed "cough-trick" (CT) reduces pain during venipuncture (VP), although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim was to investigate the pain-reducing effect of CT during VP in comparison with two distraction methods, as well as under the influence of naloxone. ⋯ Pain-reducing effect of CT during VP is superior to that of simple motor distraction and equivalent to a complex distraction method. This might be due to the activation of segmental pain inhibitory pathways during coughing indicated through the lack of pain reduction due to CT under opioid antagonist blockage.
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Observational Study
OPRM1 Gene Interaction with Sleep in Chronic Pain Patients Treated with Opioids.
The experience of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is one of the most common reasons individuals seek medical attention. Patients with CNCP frequently experience concomitant sleep-related problems. ⋯ OPRM1, pharmacogenetics, MOS-Sleep, opioids, chronic noncancer pain, sleep related problems, sleep problem index SLP-6 and SLP-9.
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Journal of pain research · Jan 2019
Naldemedine in Japanese patients with opioid-induced constipation and chronic noncancer pain: open-label Phase III studies.
Naldemedine is a peripherally-acting µ-opioid-receptor antagonist, approved in Japan for opioid-induced constipation (OIC). In two open-label, single-arm, Phase III studies, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of naldemedine in Japanese patients with OIC receiving regular-use opioids (COMPOSE-6) or prolonged-release oxycodone (COMPOSE-7) for chronic noncancer pain. ⋯ Side effects that occurred with naldemedine were mostly mild or moderate in severity, and the data suggested that naldemedine can improve bowel function and QOL in Japanese patients with OIC receiving regular-use opioids or prolonged-release oxycodone for chronic noncancer pain.
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The aim of this study was to examine adherence of state guidelines for Colorado workers' compensation physicians/providers treating individuals as injured workers with chronic pain after initiation of an opioid management program and provider incentives. ⋯ Incentivizing physicians to adhere to chronic pain management guidelines only temporarily improves prescribing practices.
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Opioid use is common in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. However, safety of individual opioids and concomitant benzodiazepine use has not been studied. ⋯ Concurrent benzodiazepine use is common and associated with higher risk of hospitalization due to opioid overdose. Possible opioid-associated hospital admission rate is 4-5 times bigger in ESRD population than general population. Current safety classification of opioids in these patients is misleading, and even drugs considered safe based on pharmacokinetic data are associated with moderate to very high risk of hospitalization. We propose a risk-stratified classification of opioids and suggest starting to use them in all ESRD patients.