Articles: opioid.
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We attempted to describe the opioid prescribing patterns for ambulatory pediatric surgery in the United States from 2007 to 2014. ⋯ Substantial variability in analgesic prescribing at the level of the procedure performed, both in terms of the probability of receiving a prescription and in which drugs were prescribed. We observed significant age and procedure-based variability in opioid prescribing following pediatric ambulatory surgery.
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Internal medicine journal · Sep 2017
Junior doctors' attitudes to opioids for refractory breathlessness in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Refractory breathlessness is a common, distressing symptom in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The judicious, off-licence prescription of opioids, together with other management strategies, can improve breathlessness, however, internationally there is profound reluctance to prescribe opioids for breathlessness in COPD. ⋯ This is the first study of doctors to demonstrate high awareness, confidence, willingness and experience in prescribing opioids for the off-licence indication of refractory breathlessness in COPD. These findings differ significantly from attitudes reported overseas and are unexpected given the doctors surveyed were recently qualified. The low awareness of possible adverse events and limited insight regarding knowledge gaps is concerning and highlights the significant need for greater education in palliative care.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Sep 2017
Cross-validation of short forms of the Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain-Revised (SOAPP-R).
The Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain-Revised (SOAPP-R) is a 24-item assessment designed to assist in the prediction of aberrant drug-related behavior (ADB) among patients with chronic pain. Recent work has created shorter versions of the SOAPP-R, including a static 12-item short form and two computer-based methods (curtailment and stochastic curtailment) that monitor assessments in progress. The purpose of this study was to cross-validate these shorter versions in two new populations. ⋯ Curtailment, stochastic curtailment, and the 12-item short form have potential to enhance the efficiency of the SOAPP-R.
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Molecular neurobiology · Sep 2017
High-Intensity Swimming Exercise Decreases Glutamate-Induced Nociception by Activation of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Inhibiting Phosphorylated Protein Kinase A.
Several studies in humans have reported that improved pain control is associated with exercise in a variety of painful conditions, including osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, and neuropathic pain. Despite the growing amount of experimental data on physical exercise and nociception, the precise mechanisms through which high-intensity exercise reduces pain remain elusive. Since the glutamatergic system plays a major role in pain transmission, we firstly analyzed if physical exercise could be able to decrease glutamate-induced nociception through G-protein-coupled receptor (G-PCR) activation. ⋯ We also verified that glutamate injection increases levels of phosphorylated PKA (p-PKA). High-intensity swimming exercise significantly prevented p-PKA increase. The current data show the direct involvement of the glutamatergic system on the hyponociceptive effect of high-intensity swimming exercise as well as demonstrate that physical exercise can activate multiple intracellular pathways through G-PCR activation, which share the same endogenous mechanism, i.e., inhibition of p-PKA.
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J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother · Sep 2017
Continuous Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion for the Management of Pain Uncontrolled by Opioid Medications.
Limited data exist describing the outcomes of patients receiving continuous lidocaine infusions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of use of continuous lidocaine infusions for pain management at a community teaching hospital. A retrospective chart review was performed that included adult patients receiving continuous systemic lidocaine infusions for the treatment of pain. ⋯ Similarly, a difference was present comparing morphine equivalent usage on day -2 with day +2 (P = .008) and day -1 with day +1 (P = .006). Continuous infusions of systemic lidocaine appear to be beneficial in some patients experiencing uncontrolled pain and may improve pain scores while decreasing opioid requirements. Overall beneficial effects of systemic lidocaine may last longer than the infusion itself.