Articles: opioid.
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Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation may cause significant cerebral and systemic hemodynamic responses. Many drugs have been shown to be effective in modifying these hemodynamic responses, including fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil and remifentanil. The purpose of the current study was to compare the efficacy of fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil and remifentanil on blunting cardiovascular changes during laryngoscopy and intubation in children. ⋯ The intravenous fentanyl attenuated laryngoscopy-induced SAP, DAP and HR increases better than sufentanil, alfentanil or remifentanil and hemodynamic stability is better preserved with fentanyl.
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Cancer pain is still one of the most feared entities in cancer and about 75% of these patients require treatment with opioids for severe pain. The cancer pain relief is difficult to manage in patients with episodic or incidental pain, neuropathic pain, substance abuse and with impaired cognitive or communication skills. ⋯ The current status of World Health Organization analgesic ladder has also been reviewed. A thorough literature search was carried out from 1998 to 2010 for current status in cancer pain management in MEDLINE, WHO guidelines and published literature and relevant articles have been included.
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Summary Duloxetine hydrochloride (duloxetine) is used as a nonopioid analgesic for the treatment of certain chronic pain conditions. It is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and has been approved in the USA for the management of both diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia. ⋯ Effect sizes in studies of each of the aforementioned chronic pain conditions are comparable with other commonly used pain medications. Treatment-emergent adverse events are generally mild to moderate in severity, and tend to occur early and transiently.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Bioequivalence of oxymorphone extended release and crush-resistant oxymorphone extended release.
A formulation of crush-resistant extended-release opioids may deter abuse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of oxymorphone extended-release (Oxy-ER) and a crush-resistant formulation of oxymorphone extended-release (Oxy-CRF). ⋯ Oxy-CRF and Oxy-ER (5 mg and 40 mg) are bioequivalent under fasted and fed conditions, suggesting that Oxy-CRF will have clinical efficacy and safety equivalent to Oxy-ER.
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Journal of pain research · Jan 2011
Effectiveness and safety of morphine sulfate extended-release capsules in patients with chronic, moderate-to-severe pain in a primary care setting.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of morphine sulfate extended-release capsules among primary care patients with chronic, moderate-to-severe pain using a universal precautions approach that assessed and monitored risk for opioid misuse and abuse. ⋯ The results suggest that pain outcomes improved in patients with chronic, moderate-to-severe pain receiving morphine sulfate extended-release capsules within the context of a structured universal precautions approach in the primary care setting.