Articles: acetaminophen.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Supratherapeutic dosing of acetaminophen among hospitalized patients.
We investigated acetaminophen use and identify factors contributing to supratherapeutic dosing of acetaminophen in hospitalized patients. ⋯ Supratherapeutic dosing of acetaminophen was significantly associated with multiple factors. Interventions to reduce the incidence of some risk factors may prevent supratherapeutic acetaminophen dosing in hospitalized patients.
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Clinical Trial
The pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous paracetamol in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.
Intravenous (IV) paracetamol is commonly used in the postoperative period for the treatment of mild to moderate pain. The main pathways for paracetamol metabolism are glucuronidation, sulfation, and oxidation, accounting for approximately 55%, 30%, and 10% of urinary metabolites, respectively. The aim of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetics of IV paracetamol and its metabolites in adult patients after major abdominal surgery. ⋯ After major abdominal surgery, there were apparent increases in the metabolic conversion to paracetamol glucuronide and its urinary clearance suggesting potential induction of paracetamol glucuronidation.
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The acetaminophen dosage schedule in pediatric patients below 12 years of age for the over-the-counter (OTC) monograph is one of the many issues being evaluated and discussed in the development of the Proposed Rule for Internal Analgesic, Antipyretic, and Anti-rheumatic drug products. The dosage regimen based on age and weight, with instructions that weight-based dosage should be used if a child's weight is known, is currently being assessed by the agency. This review summarizes the available pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (fever reduction) data of oral acetaminophen in pediatric patients of 6 months to 12 years of age. ⋯ The sulfation pathway plays a more important role in metabolizing acetaminophen than the glucuronidation pathway in younger children as compared with older children and adults. The pharmacokinetic exposure of acetaminophen in pediatric patients of 6 months to 12 years of age given oral administration of 10-15 mg/kg is within the adult exposure range given the OTC monograph dose. The antipyretic effect of acetaminophen is dose dependent and appears to be better than placebo at the dose range of 10-15 mg/kg in pediatric patients of 6 months to 12 years of age.
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Eur Rev Med Pharmaco · Dec 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialTramadol or paracetamol do not effect the diagnostic accuracy of acute abdominal pain with significant pain relief - a prospective, randomized, placebo controlled double blind study.
To examine the effects of early administration of analgesics in patients with acute abdominal pain on pain severity, abdominal findings and diagnostic accuracy. ⋯ Early administration of tramadol and paracetamol provided effective pain relief in patients with non-traumatic acute abdominal pain and those administrations did not interfere with diagnosis.