Articles: acetaminophen.
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Pharmaceutical research · Feb 2011
A semi-mechanistic gastric emptying model for the population pharmacokinetic analysis of orally administered acetaminophen in critically ill patients.
To develop a semi-mechanistic population pharmacokinetic model based on gastric emptying function for acetaminophen plasma concentration in critically ill patients tolerant and intolerant to enteral nutrition before and after prokinetic therapy. ⋯ The four-compartment semi-mechanistic population pharmacokinetic model adequately described the data. The gastric emptying half-time is improved by a factor of about 20 in the patients that are intolerant to enteral nutrition after treatment with prokinetic agents.
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids have been the mainstay of pain relief in patients with renal colic, but both have side effects. Research on the efficacy of intravenous (IV) paracetamol shows that it is comparable to morphine, diclofenac and ketoralac. This article discusses the role of IV paracetamol for patients with this condition. It examines the effectiveness, mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics of IV paracetamol, and suggests that non-clinical prescribers can use the method to relieve patients' pain quickly.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Feb 2011
Overdose pattern and outcome in paracetamol-induced acute severe hepatotoxicity.
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) hepatotoxicity is the commonest cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in the UK. Conflicting data regarding the outcomes of paracetamol-induced ALF resulting from different overdose patterns are reported. ⋯ Unintentional paracetamol overdose is associated with increased mortality compared with intentional paracetamol overdose, despite lower admission paracetamol concentrations. Alternative prognostic criteria may be required for unintentional paracetamol overdoses.
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Emerg Med Australas · Feb 2011
Using 0.45% saline solution and a modified dosing regimen for infusing N-acetylcysteine in children with paracetamol poisoning.
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration is recommended to all patients judged to be at risk of developing hepatotoxicity following paracetamol overdose. However, it has been shown that standard i.v. dosing can cause symptomatic hyponatraemia in children. We describe a case series using 0.45% NaCl plus 5% dextrose for infusing i.v. NAC in children with paracetamol poisoning. ⋯ These findings support the use of saline-containing solutions to administer NAC as an alternative to 5% dextrose, and suggest that a two-stage infusion regimen should be further investigated with prospective studies.
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Craniotomy is considered less painful than other surgical procedures and supratentorial surgeries are thought to be the least painful among them. We studied the intensity of pain in the postoperative period following a supratentorial craniotomy while using oral paracetamol as the sole analgesic. The effect of temporalis muscle incision on the intensity of pain was also studied. ⋯ Pain following craniotomy is adequately addressed in only about 27% of patients with oral paracetamol. However, the long-term analgesic effect is satisfactory. Persistence of pain of moderate or severe intensity 24 h after a craniotomy could suggest an impending postoperative complication.