Articles: acetaminophen.
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Comparative Study
Use of salivary acetaminophen concentration to assess gastric emptying rate of liquids.
The gastric emptying rate (GER) of liquids can be quantified by calculating the rate of acetaminophen absorption from serial plasma concentrations. As acetaminophen concentrations in saliva are well correlated with those in plasma, the salivary concentrations may be suitable for use in GER measurement. To evaluate such suitability, salivary and plasma samples were simultaneously obtained from seven healthy volunteers at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 h after they had ingested 20 mg/kg of acetaminophen mixed with a 200-ml liquid meal (200 kcal). ⋯ Significant correlations between saliva and plasma were found in all parameters studied (r = 0.77-0.90; P < 0.05). However, except for t(max), the salivary parameters overestimated those of plasma. The present results suggest that: (1) the salivary acetaminophen concentration at 0.25 h (C0.25) is a poor reflection of plasma C0.25 (2) thereby the parameters embodying salivary C0.25 such as AUC1.0 and the AUC0.5/AUC2.0 ratio, are unreliable, and (3) liquid GER can be assessed by salivary t(max) with minimal distress to the patient.
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In recent years there has been much progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of acute pain and analgesic pharmacology. The most important role in postoperative pain management is still played by opioids administered through various modes, including spinal and local ones. ⋯ Paracetamol, owing to its safe therapeutical profile, should be the primary postoperative pain management tool in a majority of surgical procedures. A combination of opioids, NSAIDs and paracetamol in order to relieve pain allows both for a significant reduction in the dosage of respective drugs, fewer side effects and an improved pain relief.
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Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd · Dec 1999
Review Case Reports[What should be done if a patient refuses treatment after self- poisoning?].
Three women aged 28, 30 and 39 years, attending an emergency room because of attempted suicide by means of an overdose of drugs, refused somatic treatment considered necessary: one refused gastric lavage and two refused to remain in the hospital. After explanation of the procedure, one patient left the clinic without treatment and one agreed to admission--both were subsequently treated in the outpatient department. ⋯ Obligatory gastric lavage after (auto)intoxication is possible under the Medical Treatment Agreement Act (WGBO) and should follow its rules. However, this may be avoided by using a laboratory test or ECG for the diagnosis and administration of activated charcoal and a laxative for the treatment.