Articles: acetaminophen.
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An association between the administration of paracetamol and relative hypotension in critically ill intensive care patients has been reported anecdotally by nursing staff working in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Prince Henry Hospital. An observational study was therefore undertaken, to determine whether there is a temporal association between the administration of paracetamol and changes in blood pressure. A dose of 1 gram of paracetamol was administered orally or by feeding tube. ⋯ SAP and MAP fell by an average of approximately 10 and 7 per cent respectively, with maximum falls of 36 and 34 per cent respectively. Paracetamol administration may be indicated for the control of fever in critically ill patients, thereby reducing oxygen demand. However, this must be balanced against the possibility of causing a significant fall in blood pressure.
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Neuroscience letters · Nov 1997
Formalin injection in the tail facilitates hindpaw withdrawal reflexes induced by thermal stimulation in the rat: effect of paracetamol.
With the aim to develop a simple behavioural method for the study of hyperalgesic processes and for the evaluation of anti-hyperalgesic properties of analgesic drugs, the effect of the tail injection of formalin (10% formaldehyde intradermally) on hindpaw nociceptive thresholds to thermal stimulation was evaluated in the rat. The formalin injection in the tail induced a significant reduction of plantar test latencies. ⋯ However, this drug was unable to block hyperalgesia when already established. Our results suggest that this method could be used for the evaluation of analgesic drugs in an experimental setting representative of clinical pain.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Nov 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialEquivalent antipyretic activity of ibuprofen and paracetamol in febrile children.
The antipyretic activity of ibuprofen in the Sparklets form was compared, in an equivalence study, with that of paracetamol in the same formulation. The study was conducted as a double-blind multicenter trial, with random allocation of the treatments. ⋯ The subjects' rectal temperature was regularly monitored for 6 hours. The statistical analysis of the results confirmed that ibuprofen and paracetamol are equivalent with respect to the following criteria (1) time elapsed between dosing and the lowest temperature: 3.61 +/- 1.34 hours for ibuprofen and 3.65 +/- 1.47 hours for paracetamol (95% confidence interval [CI] of the difference: -0.48; +0.56); (2) extent of the temperature decrease: 1.65 degrees C +/- 0.80 degrees C for ibuprofen and 1.50 degrees C +/- 0.61 degrees C for paracetamol, (95% CI of the difference: -0.41; +0.11); (3) rate of temperature decrease: 0.52 +/- 0.32 degrees C/hr for ibuprofen and 0.51 degrees C +/- 0.38 degrees C/hr for paracetamol (95% CI of the difference: -0.45; +0.55); (4) duration of temperature below 38.5 degrees C: 3.79 +/- 1.33 hours for ibuprofen and 3.84 +/- 1.22 hours for paracetamol (95% CI of the difference: -0.14; +0.12).
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The prevalence and characteristics of acetaminophen-associated liver injury in hospitalized patients are not well defined. ⋯ In an urban county hospital, patients hospitalized with acetaminophen toxicity related to accidental misuse had higher rates of morbidity and mortality than those who attempted suicide, even though the latter had taken more acetaminophen. A higher frequency of chronic alcohol abuse among the patients with accidental overdoses may be one explanation.