Articles: acetaminophen.
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Minerva stomatologica · May 1993
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial[Analgesic efficacy and the tolerance for piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin compared to piroxicam, paracetamol and placebo in the treatment of postextraction dental pain].
Acute postoperative pain is a common experience in oral surgery practice. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are quite effective against mild to moderate pain and they are generally better suited in ambulatory outpatients than narcotic analgesics. The analgesic activity of piroxicam, a well known NSAID has been documented in many pain states. Piroxicam can be administered once daily because of its long half-life, but its absorption in the gastrointestinal tract is slow as it is its onset of action. Piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin (PBCD) is a new formulation of piroxicam which is the product of supermolecular encapsulation of piroxicam with the cyclic oligosaccharide beta-cyclodextrin. PBCD is absorbed much faster than standard piroxicam, and its action as an analgesic is consequently more rapid. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and the rapidity of action of piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin in comparison with standard piroxicam, paracetamol and placebo following surgical extraction of impacted third molars. ⋯ One of the most commonly utilized model for the evaluation of analgesics is the third molar extraction pain. Our study clearly differentiated between active drugs and placebo. Furthermore, while PBCD and paracetamol showed a rapid effect, piroxicam was slow in inducing pain relief. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of PBCD and piroxicam brought about the resolution of pain and inflammation consequent to the dental extraction. Paracetamol, a pure analgesic, was not equally active and pain persisted, even if at a low grade, throughout the observation period; probably this was due to local inflammation and edema. The results of our study appear to confirm the pharmacokinetic data on PBCD, which showed that therapeutic blood levels are reached faster with PBCD than with the standard piroxicam formulation. This results should be confirmed in studies with an adequate number of patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Domperidone plus paracetamol in the treatment of migraine.
This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of domperidone in combination with paracetamol in the treatment of migraine. Severity of headache, duration of migraine attack and overall efficacy of treatment were amongst the variables assessed in a randomized, double-blind, three-way cross-over comparison of 1 g paracetamol plus either domperidone 30 mg, domperidone 20 mg or placebo, taken at onset of headache. Forty-six patients attending the City of London Migraine Clinic completed the study. ⋯ No significant adverse events were reported. A reduction in pain intensity and nausea was noted but this was not statistically significant. It was concluded that domperidone shortens the duration of a migraine attack and may help reduce headache and associated symptoms.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of a severe burn on gastric emptying by determining the absorption kinetics of orally administered acetaminophen. ⋯ We conclude that severe burn injury does not affect the kinetics of gastric emptying, and that 200 mL of water ingested 2 hrs before anesthesia is quite safe in severely burned patients. Also, the absorption kinetics of acetaminophen was not altered by burn injury.
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British dental journal · Jan 1993
Case ReportsPericoronitis and accidental paracetamol overdose: a cautionary tale.
A case of accidental paracetamol overdose in a patient suffering from pericoronitis is described. Self-medication with paracetamol was exacerbated by the prescription of a compound analgesic containing paracetamol by the patient's dental practitioner. The consequent overdose of paracetamol resulted in liver toxicity and acute liver failure. The hazards of accidental paracetamol overdose are discussed and analgesic preparations containing paracetamol described.
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Clinical Trial
Pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in the neonate and infant after administration of propacetamol chlorhydrate.
The pharmacokinetic parameters of paracetamol were studied after 15 min intravenous infusion of 15 mg/kg of propacetamol (Prodafalgan) in 5 neonates aged less than 10 days and 7 infants aged between 1 and 12 months. Blood was sampled at 0, 0.5, 2 and 6 h after the first intravenous infusion of propacetamol. ⋯ In infants aged less than 10 days a 15 mg/kg dose of propacetamol four times a day (i.e. 30 mg/kg/day paracetamol) is sufficient, corresponding to the dosage recommended by the French pharmacopoeia. On the other hand, double the dosage, nearer to the American dosage, is necessary for children aged over 10 days.