Articles: cations.
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Fluid normally exchanges freely between the plasma and interstitial space and is returned primarily via the lymphatic system. This balance can be disturbed by diseases and medications. ⋯ Herein, we have combined data from fluid kinetic trials with previously unconnected mechanisms of inflammation, interstitial fluid physiology and lymphatic pathology to synthesize a novel explanation for common and clinically relevant examples of circulatory dysregulation. Experimental studies suggest that two key mechanisms contribute to the combination of hypovolemia, hypoalbuminemia and edema; (1) acute lowering of the interstitial pressure by inflammatory mediators such as TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 and, (2) nitric oxide-induced inhibition of intrinsic lymphatic pumping.
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Tohoku J. Exp. Med. · May 2023
Clinical Implication of Keratin-15 Quantification for Renal Cell Carcinoma Management: Its Dysregulation and Association with Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Prognostication.
Keratin-15 (KRT15) participates in the tumorigenesis of several cancers, especially in urinary tract carcinomas by regulating basal urothelial cell malignant proliferation and differentiation. This study intended to explore the association of KRT15 with tumor features and survival in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. Totally, 210 RCC patients receiving surgical resection were retrospectively enrolled, and then, KRT15 was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay in the tumor and adjacent tissues. ⋯ In addition, multivariate regression analysis revealed that high KRT15 [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.719, P = 0.023], higher pathological grade (HR = 1.847, P < 0.001), and higher N stage (HR = 3.447, P < 0.001) were independently related to poor DFS; high KRT15 (HR = 1.796, P = 0.034), eastern cooperative oncology group performance status score (1 vs. 0) (HR = 1.734, P = 0.037), higher pathological grade (HR = 2.045, P < 0.001), and higher N stage (HR = 3.966, P < 0.001) were independently linked to unsatisfactory OS. Furthermore, data from Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis suggested that KRT15 was linked to poor DFS (P = 0.037) and OS (P < 0.001); data from THE HUMAN PROTEIN ATLAS revealed that KRT15 was associated with shorter OS (P < 0.001) in RCC patients. In conclusion, KRT15 is increased in tumor tissues, and correlates with higher tumor stage and larger tumor size, along with poor prognosis for RCC.
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Tohoku J. Exp. Med. · May 2023
Trinucleotide Substitutions at Two Locations in the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid (N) Gene.
The genomes of sarbecoviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), incorporate mutations with short sequence exchanges based on unknown processes. Currently, the presence of such short-sequence exchanges among the genomes of different SARS-CoV-2 lineages remains uncertain. In the present study, multiple SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from different clades or sublineages were collected from an international mass sequence database and compared to identify the presence of short sequence exchanges. ⋯ These findings suggest that trinucleotide substitutions could have developed via an en bloc exchange. In summary, trinucleotide substitutions at two locations in the SARS-CoV-2 N gene were identified. This mutation may provide insights into the evolution of SARS-CoV-2.