Articles: cations.
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The thalamus plays an important role in sensory and motor information processing by mediating communication between the periphery and the cerebral cortex. Alterations in thalamic development have profound consequences on sensory and motor function. ⋯ Our findings reveal a role for first-order posterior medial thalamic neurons and their projections to layer 4 of the secondary somatosensory cortex in the transmission of nociceptive information. Together, these results establish a connection between a neurodevelopmental lesion in the thalamus and a modality-specific disruption in pain perception.
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Describe the latest technological in surgical education and assessment.Background:Surgical education is challenged by continuously increasing clinical content, greater subspecialization, and public scrutiny of access to high-quality surgical care. Since the last Blue Ribbon Committee on surgical education, novel technologies have been developed, including artificial intelligence and telecommunication. ⋯ Advances in technology-based assessment, data analytics, and behavioral analysis now allow us to create personalized educational programs based on individual preferences and learning styles. If implemented properly, education technology has the promise of improving the quality and efficiency of surgical education and decreasing the demands on clinical faculty.
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As part of the Blue Ribbon Committee II, review current goals, structure and financing of surgical training in Graduate Medical Education (GME) and recommend needed changes. ⋯ Changes in surgical training related to CBME offer opportunities for change and innovation. Our subcommittee has laid out a potential path forward for improvements in GME funding, training structure, compensation of surgical educators, and support of students and residents in training.
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This study aims to appraise recommendations from an expert panel of surgical educators on optimizing surgical education and training in the setting of contemporary challenges. ⋯ The residents gathered for this focus group were encouraged by the thought, effort, and intention that gathered the surgical leaders across the country to make the recommendations. While the trainees wanted clarity on some areas, the overall opinion was in agreement with the recommendations.