Articles: cations.
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Pisa syndrome is defined as a reversible lateral bending of the trunk with a tendency to lean to one side. It is a frequent and often disabling complication of Parkinson's disease, and has also been described in several atypical forms of parkinsonism and in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders after drug exposure and surgical procedures. Although no consistent diagnostic criteria for Pisa syndrome are available, most investigations have adopted an arbitrary cutoff of at least 10° of lateral flexion for the diagnosis of the syndrome. ⋯ Furthermore, several drugs are reported to induce Pisa syndrome, including antiparkinsonian drugs. As Pisa syndrome might be reversible, clinicians need to be able to recognise this condition early to enable prompt management. Nevertheless, further research is needed to determine optimum treatment strategies.
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The flipped classroom, a blended learning paradigm that uses pre-session online videos reinforced with interactive sessions, has been proposed as an alternative to traditional lectures. This article investigates medical students' perceptions of a simulation-based, flipped classroom for the surgery clerkship and suggests best practices for implementation in this setting. ⋯ Medical students' perceptions of a simulation-based, flipped classroom in the surgery clerkship were overwhelmingly positive. The flipped classroom approach can be applied successfully in a surgery clerkship setting and may offer additional benefits compared with traditional lecture-based curricula.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Two-year results from a randomized clinical trial of revascularization in patients with intermittent claudication.
Intermittent claudication is associated with significant impairment of health-related quality of life. The use of revascularization techniques to improve health-related quality of life remains controversial. ⋯ NCT01219842 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Our goal was to determine the optimal timing for repair of bile duct injuries sustained during cholecystectomy. ⋯ Adequate sepsis control and delayed repair of biliary injuries should be considered for patients presenting between 8 days and 6 weeks after injury to prevent complications, if a previous bile duct repair was attempted.