Articles: cations.
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Parathyroid gland and their tumors comprise a small proportion of non-palpable neck masses that are investigated by ultrasound (US) guided fine needle aspiration biopsy. We reviewed our institution's cases of US guided FNAB of parathyroid gland and their lesions to determine the role of cytology for the preoperative diagnosis of parathyroid gland and their lesions. ⋯ US-guided FNAB is a useful test for confirming the diagnosis of not only clinically suspected parathyroid gland and lesions but also for detecting parathyroid glands in unexpected locations such as in thyroid bed or within the thyroid gland. Although there is significant overlap in the cytomorphologic features of cells derived from parathyroid and thyroid gland, the presence of stippled nuclear chromatin, prominent vascular proliferation with attached epithelial cells, and frequent occurrence of single cells/naked nuclei are useful clues that favor parathyroid origin. Distinction of the different parathyroid lesions including hyperplasia, adenoma, and carcinoma cannot be made solely on cytology. Immunostaining for PTH can be performed on destained Pap smears and cell block sections which can be valuable for confirming parathyroid origin of the cells.
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J Korean Neurosurg S · Jun 2015
Erratum to "Delayed Pneumocephalus Following Fluoroscopy Guided Cervical Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injection : A Rare Complication and Anatomical Considerations" by Kim YD, et al. (J Korean Neurosurg Soc 57 : 376-378, 2015).
[This corrects the article on p. 376 in vol. 57, PMID: 26113967.].
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Cerebral arteries innervated by several systems contribute to the control of cerebral blood flow. Subarachnoid hemorrhage causes acutely developed vasospasm by various mechanical and neurochemical mechanisms, cranial parasympathetic nerve ischemia, and related stellate ganglion overdischarges. Dilatatory sensory fibers of cranial parasympathetic nerves and vasospastic fibers of stellate ganglions have a vasoregulatory effect on the cerebral arteries The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sympathectomy on vasospasm of the middle cerebral artery. ⋯ Sympathetic blockage may be a useful effect in the prevention of cerebral vasospasm and other complications of SAH.