Articles: pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of auricular, somatic, and the combination of auricular and somatic acupuncture points on experimental pain threshold.
This study compared the effects of high intensity, low frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of auricular, somatic, and combined auricular and somatic acupuncture points on experimental pain threshold measured at the wrist. Sixty-seven healthy adults, aged 18 to 39 years, were assigned randomly to one of four groups: 1) the Auricular Group (n = 17) received TENS to auricular acupuncture points, 2) the Somatic Group (n = 17) received TENS to somatic acupuncture points, 3) the Combined Group (n = 17) received TENS to both auricular and somatic acupuncture points, and 4) the Control Group (n = 16) received no TENS and served as controls. ⋯ The Control Group demonstrated no statistically significant change in pain threshold. The results indicate that TENS applied to any of the three sets of acupuncture points equally increases pain threshold, thus possibly increasing options in choosing stimulation sites for treating patients with pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Topical skin anesthesia for venous, subcutaneous drug reservoir and lumbar punctures in children.
A new topical anesthetic ointment (EMLA, "eutectic mixture of prilocaine and lidocaine was studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate its efficiency in alleviating pain associated with venous, subcutaneous drug reservoir and lumbar punctures in children. Pain intensity was scored by the children themselves, using a visual analogue scale in which 0 corresponded to absence of sensation and 10 to the worst imaginable painful sensation. ⋯ In lumbar punctures (14 children studied, 5.5 to 15.3 years of age), EMLA cream was again associated with less pain (1.9 +/- 1.9) than was placebo (5.6 +/- 3.0, P less than .01). It was concluded that the use of EMLA cream substantially reduces pain caused by venous, subcutaneous drug reservoir, and lumbar punctures in children and may therefore be offered to young patients, particularly those repeatedly submitted to such procedures.
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Regional anesthesia · Jul 1989
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialThe effect of continuous epidural analgesia with sufentanil and bupivacaine during and after thoracic surgery on the plasma cortisol concentration and pain relief.
The effect of continuous epidural analgesia with bupivacaine 0.125% and sufentanil 0.83 micrograms.ml-1 on the plasma cortisol concentration and postoperative pain relief was compared with that of intermittent intravenous peroperative and on-demand intramuscular postoperative analgesia with nicomorphine 0.2 mg.kg-1. The study was performed on two groups of ten patients for three consecutive days after thoracic surgery. In the epidural group, a better quality of analgesia was found as measured with the Inverse Linear Analgesia Scale (ILAS) (1 = severe pain, 10 = no pain) than in the group that received intramuscular analgesia. ⋯ L-1 on day 1. The measured mean plasma cortisol concentration was found to exceed normal limits (150-700 nmol. L-1) only in the systemic group and only on day 1.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparison of the incidence of pruritus following epidural opioid administration in the parturient.
Epidural morphine is associated with a high incidence of pruritus when used for pain control in the post-Caesarean section population. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of pruritus associated with epidural morphine, fentanyl, buprenorphine and butorphanol. ⋯ This study demonstrated that the incidence of pruritus was significantly higher following the use of epidural morphine and fentanyl. Even though epidural butorphanol and buprenorphine exhibited a low incidence of pruritus, their duration of analgesia was not long enough to make either attractive for single-dose administration.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Analgesic efficacy and safety comparison of ketorolac tromethamine and Doleron for the alleviation of orthopaedic post-operative pain.
The analgesic efficacy and safety of ketorolac tromethamine (ketorolac), a potent analgesic with anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities, were evaluated and compared with Doleron, a combination analgesic, in 115 patients with moderate to severe orthopaedic post-operative pain. This was a randomized, double-blind (double-dummy), parallel-group comparison of a single oral dose of one capsule of 10 mg ketorolac with a single oral dose of two Doleron tablets (each tablet contained 150 mg dextropropoxyphene napsylate, 350 mg aspirin and 150 mg phenazone). During the 6 h following treatment, 80% of ketorolac treated patients and 82% of Doleron treated patients experienced adequate pain relief. ⋯ Nausea (two patients in each treatment group), vertigo (none on ketorolac, three on Doleron) and sore throat (none on ketorolac, two on Doleron) were the only drug-related adverse events reported by more than one person in a treatment group during the trial. A total of 82% of patients given ketorolac and 76% given Doleron experienced no adverse events. A single oral dose of 10 mg ketorolac was shown to be as effective and safe as two Doleron tablets in the treatment of moderate to severe orthopaedic post-operative pain.