Articles: pain.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Feb 2011
Review Meta AnalysisSingle dose oral fenoprofen for acute postoperative pain in adults.
Fenoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), available in several different countries, but not widely used. ⋯ Oral fenoprofen 200 mg is effective at treating moderate to severe acute postoperative pain, based on limited data for at least 50% pain relief over 4 to 6 hours. Efficacy of other doses, other efficacy outcomes, and safety and tolerability could not be assessed.
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Inflammopharmacology · Feb 2011
Review Meta AnalysisThe efficacy of botulinum toxin type A in managing chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta analysis.
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) is a neurotoxin that acts by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, thus reducing muscular contractions. Recent evidence suggests that BoNTA can reduce nociceptive activities of sensory neurons in animal models by inhibiting release of certain neuropeptides. Despite the therapeutic benefit of BoNTA in alleviating painful muscle spasms, its efficacy in other musculoskeletal pain conditions is less clear. ⋯ In our meta-analysis, BoNTA had a small to moderate analgesic effect in chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions. It was particularly effective in plantar fasciitis, tennis elbow, and back pain, but not in whiplash or shoulder pain patients. However, more evidence is required before definitive conclusions can be drawn. On the other hand, there is convincing evidence that BoNTA lacks strong analgesic effects in patients with myofascial pain syndrome. A general dose-dependent and temporal response with BoNTA injections was also observed.
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Review Meta Analysis
Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neural networks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain.
A growing body of evidence suggests that empathy for pain is underpinned by neural structures that are also involved in the direct experience of pain. In order to assess the consistency of this finding, an image-based meta-analysis of nine independent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigations and a coordinate-based meta-analysis of 32 studies that had investigated empathy for pain using fMRI were conducted. The results indicate that a core network consisting of bilateral anterior insular cortex and medial/anterior cingulate cortex is associated with empathy for pain. ⋯ Moreover, the image-based analysis demonstrates that depending on the type of experimental paradigm this core network was co-activated with distinct brain regions: While viewing pictures of body parts in painful situations recruited areas underpinning action understanding (inferior parietal/ventral premotor cortices) to a stronger extent, eliciting empathy by means of abstract visual information about the other's affective state more strongly engaged areas associated with inferring and representing mental states of self and other (precuneus, ventral medial prefrontal cortex, superior temporal cortex, and temporo-parietal junction). In addition, only the picture-based paradigms activated somatosensory areas, indicating that previous discrepancies concerning somatosensory activity during empathy for pain might have resulted from differences in experimental paradigms. We conclude that social neuroscience paradigms provide reliable and accurate insights into complex social phenomena such as empathy and that meta-analyses of previous studies are a valuable tool in this endeavor.
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Review Meta Analysis
A meta-analysis on the clinical effectiveness of transversus abdominis plane block.
To study the efficacy of the transversus abdominal plane (TAP) block. ⋯ TAP block reduces the need for postoperative opioid use, it increases the time first request for further analgesia, it provides more effective pain relief, and it reduces opioid-associated side effects.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2011
Review Meta AnalysisCarbamazepine for acute and chronic pain in adults.
Carbamazepine is used to treat chronic neuropathic pain. ⋯ Carbamazepine is effective in chronic neuropathic pain, with caveats. No trial was longer than four weeks, of good reporting quality, using outcomes equivalent to at least moderate clinical benefit. In these circumstances, caution is needed in interpretation, and meaningful comparison with other interventions is not possible.