Articles: pain.
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The effect of stimulus area and adaptation temperature on warm and heat pain threshold were studied in healthy human subjects using a contact thermal stimulator. The stimulus area was varied in the range of 1.3 to 11.8 cm. Both the warm and heat pain thresholds decreased with increasing stimulus surface. ⋯ The adapting temperature was varied in the range 25-35 degrees C, and warm thresholds were elevated with increasing adaptation temperature. The change of heat pain thresholds with increasing adapting temperature was not significant. Thus, there are both differences and similarities concerning how the different stimulus conditions affect heat pain and warm thresholds.
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From the historical viewpoint, a change of attitude towards pain and the possibilities opened up by general anesthesia from 1846 onwards were needed to bring about the advent of a surgery specialized in the cure of pain. The individual stages in this development, up to Leriche's "Chirurgie de la douleur", are illustrated by reference to the relevant sources.
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Extracellular and intracellular recordings were made from within the dorsal horn of 10 anaesthetised and gallamine triethiodide-paralysed cats. Inhibition of background and residual noxious-evoked discharge by cooling and warming was demonstrated in 7 out of 33 nociceptor-driven dorsal horn neurones. Five units were inhibited by warming of the noxious mechanical excitatory receptive field. ⋯ Cooling (32-20 degrees C) excited two units; warming (32-43 degrees C) also excited two units. Heating above 43 degrees C excited 8 units; cold below 20 degrees C excited 3 units. The units inhibited by thermal stimulation may provide some neuronal basis for thermal analgesia.