Articles: ninos.
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An adrenal incidentaloma (AI) is a mass discovered on imaging that was not performed for suspected adrenal diseases. Technological advancements in imaging modalities that are widely available, a growing awareness of preventive care and an aging population, have led to an increase in the detection of adrenal incidentalomas, generating diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas for clinicians. ⋯ Hormonal hypertension carries a higher risk of cardiovascular complications and target organ damage than essential hypertension, independently of blood pressure control. In this review, we discuss the current 2023 European Society of Endocrinology guidelines on the management of adrenal incidentalomas, in the context of other experts' documents (including Polish Society of Endocrinology recommendations), with the main focus on the two secondary forms of hypertension - primary aldosteronism and pheochromocytoma - that should not be missed in clinical practice.
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Achalasia is a rare disease of gastrointestinal motility characterized by impaired esophageal peristalsis and reduced esophageal sphincter relaxation. However, data on its epidemiology and outcomes in Taiwan are limited. This study aimed to assess the incidence, characteristics, and clinical management of achalasia in Taiwan. ⋯ This is the first population-based epidemiological study on achalasia in Taiwan, revealing the incidence of achalasia before the era of high-resolution manometry. Clinicians should be vigilant about the development of esophageal cancer and mortality during long-term follow-ups. There is also room to enhance the utilization of various diagnostic tools for achalasia.