Articles: diagnosis.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study Observational Study
SARS-CoV-2 and Stroke in a New York Healthcare System.
With the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the current worldwide pandemic, there is mounting evidence that patients affected by the illness may develop clinically significant coagulopathy with thromboembolic complications including ischemic stroke. However, there is limited data on the clinical characteristics, stroke mechanism, and outcomes of patients who have a stroke and COVID-19. ⋯ We observed a low rate of imaging-confirmed ischemic stroke in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Most strokes were cryptogenic, possibly related to an acquired hypercoagulability, and mortality was increased. Studies are needed to determine the utility of therapeutic anticoagulation for stroke and other thrombotic event prevention in patients with COVID-19.
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Dehydration is the most common morbidity following creation of a diverting loop ileostomy (DLI). We aimed to develop and validate a prediction model and web-based risk calculator for readmission for dehydration following DLI creation. ⋯ A prediction model and web-based risk calculator for readmission for dehydration after DLI creation was developed and validated, demonstrating good predictive capabilities.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections in China: A multicenter case series.
As of April 18, 2020, over 2,000,000 patients had been diagnosed with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) globally, and more than 140,000 deaths had been reported. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adult patients have been documented recently. However, information on pediatric patients is limited. We describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients to provide valuable insight into the early diagnosis and assessment of COVID-19 in children. ⋯ Our data systemically presented the clinical and epidemiological features, as well as the outcomes, of pediatric patients with COVID-19. Stratified analysis was performed between mild and moderate cases. The findings offer new insight into early identification and intervention in pediatric patients with COVID-19.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Improved Accuracy in Optical Diagnosis of Colorectal Polyps Using Convolutional Neural Networks with Visual Explanations.
Narrow-band imaging (NBI) can be used to determine whether colorectal polyps are adenomatous or hyperplastic. We investigated whether an artificial intelligence (AI) system can increase the accuracy of characterizations of polyps by endoscopists of different skill levels. ⋯ We developed a CNN that significantly increases the accuracy of evaluation of diminutive colorectal polyps (as adenomatous vs hyperplastic) and reduces the time of diagnosis by endoscopists. This AI assistance system significantly increased the accuracy of analysis by novice endoscopists, who achieved near-expert levels of accuracy without extra training. The CNN assistance system can reduce the skill-level dependence of endoscopists and costs.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
A study for precision diagnosing and treatment strategies in difficult-to-treat AIDS cases and HIV-infected patients with highly fatal or highly disabling opportunistic infections.
An increased frequency of toxoplasma encephalitis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, has been reported in AIDS patients, especially in those with CD4+ T cell counts <100 cells/μL. Several guidelines recommend the combination of pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and leucovorin as the preferred regimen for AIDS-associated toxoplasma encephalitis. However, it is not commonly used in China due to limited access to pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine. The synergistic sulfonamides tablet formulation is a combination of trimethoprim (TMP), sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and is readily available in China. Considering its constituent components, we hypothesize that this drug may be used as a substitute for sulfadiazine and TMP-SMX. We have therefore designed the present trial, and propose to investigate the efficacy and safety of synergistic sulfonamides combined with clindamycin for the treatment of toxoplasma encephalitis. ⋯ We hope that the results of this study will be able to provide reliable evidence for the efficacy and safety of synergistic sulfonamides for its use in AIDS patients with toxoplasma encephalitis.